Viscaceae Batsch

Family Description

Distribution Map

List of Genera

Life Cycle of Arceuthobium (dwarf mistletoe)

Dwarf Mistletoe Monograph (Hawksworth & Wiens 1996)

Controlling Mistletoe (Phoradendron)

Photographs

Arceuthobium

Arceuthobium Witches' Brooms

The Dwarf Mistletoe Gurus! Frank Hawksworth (right) and Delbert Wiens (left), San Cristobal, Guatemala, February, 1975. Whole scene. Close-up.

1. Arceuthobium abieties-religiosae
   
   • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
2. Arceuthobium americanum
   • Photo Carpellate plant on Pinus contorta. Saguache Co., Colorado, USA. [DLN 1560]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo. Carpellate plant with mature fruits. Arrow indicates verticillate branching. , Buckhorn Mt., Larimer Co. CO [DLN 1508].
   • Photo. Closer view of carpellate plant with mature fruits. Arrow indicates pistillate flowers. Buckhorn Mt., Larimer Co. CO [DLN 1508]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo. Carpellate plant (left) and immature staminate plant (right). Arrow indicates verticillate branching on the staminate plant. Pennock Pass, Larimer Co. CO [DLN 1550]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
     
   • Photo Seed just after dehiscence, sticking to a host (Pinus contorta) needle. Larimer Co., Colorado, USA. [DLN 1508]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photos. Showing wood sections with parasite endophyte.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
3. Arceuthobium aureum
   
   • Photo. Link goes to Agricultural Handbook 709.
4. Arceuthobium azoricum
   • Photo Azore islands. Photo by Carlos Aedo Perez.
5. Arceuthobium bicarinatum
   
   • Photo.  Shoots emerging from Pinus occidentalis. Hispaniola. Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
6. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. abietinum. NOTE: PhytoImages links at present only go to the species level. We hope to implement links to subspecific taxa soon.
   
   • Photo Staminate plant on Abies magnifica. (= A. abietinum f. sp. magnificae; DLN 1910), Madera Co., California, USA. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
7. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. apachecum
   
   • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
8. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. blumeri
   
   • Staminate plant and close-up of shoots with flowers. Note variation in number of petals. Pistillate shoots emerging from host, Pinus strobiformis and closer view of shoots with fruits. Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Pima Co. AZ. Photos by R. L. Mathiasen.
9. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. californicum
   
   • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
10.  Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. campylopodum. 
    
    • Photo Carpellate plant on Pinus jeffreyi. Placerville, California, USA. [DLN 2222]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Staminate plant on Pinus jeffreyi. Placerville, California, USA. [DLN 2222]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Young staminate plant (left) and fruiting carpellate plant (right) on Pinus jeffreyi. Placerville, California, USA. [DLN 2222]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
11.  Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. cyanocarpum
    
    • Photo Staminate plant (left) and carpellate plant (right) on Pinus ponderosa. (DLN 1570), Boulder Co., Colorado, USA. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
12. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. laricis
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
13. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. littorum
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
14. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. microcarpum
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
15. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. monticola
    
    • Photo Carpellate plant with nearly mature fruits. Josephine Co., CA; Aug. 1988 [DLN 2708]
16. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. occidentale
    
    • Photo Carpellate plant with slightly immature fruits. Tulare Co. CA; Sept. 1981 [DLN 1694],
    • Photo Closer view of carpellate plant with slightly immature fruits. Arrow indicates flabellate branching. Tulare Co. CA; Sept. 1981[DLN 1694]
17. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. siskiyouense
    
    • Photo Carpellate plant with nearly mature fruits. Arrow indicates flabellate branching. Del Norte Co., CA; Aug. 1988 [DLN 2704]
    • Photo Carpellate plant with nearly mature fruits.  Del Norte Co., CA; Aug. 1988 [DLN 2706]
18. Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. tsugense
    
    • Photo Note the large, fusiform swelling of the branch of its host Pinus contorta ssp. contorta. (DLN 2664), Horne Lake, British Columbia, Canada. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Infection of three host trees: Abies lasiocarpa, Tsuga mertensiana and Pinus albicaulis.  (DLN 2684), Lane Co., Oregon, USA. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
19. Arceuthobium chinense
    
    • Photos. Link goes to Subject Database of Chinese Plants.
20. Arceuthobium divaricatum
    • Staminate plant in flower and pistillate plant with fruits. Pecos, NM. Photos by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Pinus monophylla branches with mistletoe, pistillate plant with fruits, color variations. North of Baldwin Lake, San Bernardino Co, CA. [DLN 1897]. Photos by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Staminate plant, closer view of staminate shoots with flowers, staminate shoot in hand, pistillate plant, pistillate shoot in hand. Mt. Withington, Socoro Co. NM. [DLN 1623]. Photos by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
21. Arceuthobium douglasii
    • One view and another of fruiting shoots. Parasitic on Pseudotsuga menziesii. Mt. Herman, El Paso Co. CO [DLN 1556]. Photos by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo. Host branches (Pseudotsuga) with severe systemic infections of Douglas fir dwarf mistletoe. Mt. Withington, Socoro Co. NM [DLN 1627]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo. Maroon colored shoots with fruits. Bear Wallow, Santa Catalina Mts., Pima Co. AZ. [DLN 1941]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo. Purple colored shoots with fruits. Pinalenos Mts., AZ. [DLN 1949]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo. Pseudotsuga showing the different developmental stages of mistletoe corresponding to growth increments of host branches. Cerro Potosi, Nuevo Leon, Mexico [DLN 1984]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Host branch with staminate shoots and young pistillate shoots. Johnson Mesa, Santa Fe National Forest, Sangre de Cristo Mountains NM. Photos by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Staminate shoots infecting host stem and close-up of staminate shoot in flower. Photos by D. Wiens.
    • Plant with fungal hyperparasite Caliciopsis (Wallrothiella) arceuthobii. In this close-up, note the black stroma that contain perithecia on the stigmatic surface of these pistillate flowers. Sandia Mts., Sandoval Co., NM. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
22. Arceuthobium gillii
    • Photo Plant attached to stem of host, Pinus leiophylla var. chihuahuana. Bear Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., Arizona. Photo by D. L. Nickrent [DLN 1938].
    • Photo Closer view of carpellate plants with fruits. Bear Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., Arizona. Photo by D. L. Nickrent [DLN 1938].
    • Photo Fruiting stem in hand. Pima County, AZ. Photo by D. L. Nickrent [DLN 1663].
23. Arceuthobium globosum (including ssp. globosum and ssp. grandicaule)
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
24. Arceuthobium guatemalense
    
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
25. Arceuthobium hondurense
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
26. Arceuthobium juniperi-procerae
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
27. Arceuthobium minutissimum
    • Photo Parasitic on Pinus wallichiana. Bhutan. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Photo Parasitic on Pinus wallichiana. Bhutan. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Photo Parasitic on Pinus wallichiana. Bhutan. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
28. Arceuthobium nigrum (formerly A. gillii ssp. nigrum)
    
    • Photos. Link goes to Agricultural Handbook 709.
29. Arceuthobium oaxacanum
    
    • Photo. Link goes to Agricultural Handbook 709.
30. Arceuthobium oxycedri
    • Host tree, Juniperus oxycedrus, infected with Arceuthobium oxycedri. San Agustin de Guadalix, north of Madrid, Spain. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Close-up of infection on host branch. San Agustin de Guadalix, north of Madrid, Spain. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo. Habit of mistletoe on host tree, Juniperus oxycedrus. San Agustin de Guadalix, north of Madrid, Spain. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Globose, young infection on host tree, Juniperus oxycedrus. San Agustin de Guadalix, north of Madrid, Spain. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo. Infection on host branch. San Agustin de Guadalix, north of Madrid, Spain. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Close-up of young shoots. San Agustin de Guadalix, north of Madrid, Spain. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
31. Arceuthobium pendens
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
32. Arceuthobium pini
    
    • Photo.  Habit of the mistletoe parasitic on Pinus yunnanensis, Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve in Northwest Yunnan, China. Photo by Cyril Greuter.
33. Arceuthobium pusillum
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages. 
34. Arceuthobium rubrum
    • Photo Link goes to PhytoImages.
35. Arceuthobium sichuanense
    
    • Photo.  Fruiting shoots. Link goes to Subject Database of Chinese Plants.
36. Arceuthobium strictum
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
37. Arceuthobium tibetense
    • Photo Carpellate plants. China, Tibet, prov. Sichuan, Shalui Shan Mts., 30 km NE of Batang, S of Yidun, 30°16'N/99°25'E, 3800 m alt., 25 June.1994. Photo by Walter Obermayer.
38. Arceuthobium vaginatum ssp. cryptopodum
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages (all subspecies at present).
    • Photo Shoots of the western US mistletoe emerging months after a greenhouse inoculation of the host (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum). Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo.  Young mistletoe shoots emerging from bark on main bole of Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum.  This shows how the mistletoe tissue can be latent and later emerge following disturbance (crack in bark, etc.).  S of Tres Lagunas, along Rt. 63, N of Pecos, NM. Photo 3 June 2004 by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo.  Carpellate (above) and staminate (below) shoots of the mistletoe emerging from host (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum).  Santa Fe National Forest, Johnson Mesa, Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Photo 2 June 2004 by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo.  Close-up of staminate shoots.  Note the variation in flower merousity; 3- and 4-merous flowers can be seen.  Santa Fe National Forest, Johnson Mesa, Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Photo 2 June 2004 by D. L. Nickrent.
39. Arceuthobium vaginatum ssp. durangense (= A. durangense)
    • Photo Seedling with holdfast parasitizing a host pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum) under greenhouse conditions. Durango, Mexico. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Carpellate plant showing the explosive dehiscence of the seed from the shoot. Durango, Mexico. Photo by Ken Robertson.
    • Photo Plants being disarticulated by leaf-cutter ants (Atta mexicana). Durango, Mexico.Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Illustration of leaf-cutter ants (Atta mexicana) and Arceuthobium durangense by D. L. Nickrent. Click HERE to see the Golden Bough paper on this interesting association.
40. Arceuthobium vaginatum ssp. vaginatum
    • Photo Seeds of this Mexican taxon without (left) and with (right) viscin coat. Note bubbles formed by photosynthesizing endosperms. [DLN 1980]. Photo by Ken Robertson.
41. Arceuthobium verticilliflorum
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
42. Arceuthobium yecorense
    • Photo.  Link goes to Agricultural Handbook 709.

Dendrophthora

1. Dendropthora buxifolia
   • Photo 1 and photo 2. Cuba. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo IDs 26982, 26983. Photos by Robin Foster.
2. Dendrophthora clavata
   • Photo Carpellate plant showing flowers and fruits. Cajon de Mamarramos, Department of Boyaco, Columbia. [DLN 2182]. Photo by Ken Robertson.
   • Photo Close-up of flowers and fruits. Cajon de Mamarramos, Department of Boyaco, Columbia. [DLN 2182]. Photo by Ken Robertson.
   • Photo Habit of plant on host tree. Pasachoa, Ecuador. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photo Close-up of mistletoe on host brach. Pasachoa, Ecuador. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photo Close-up of mistletoe showing the clavate (club-shaped) inflorescences and infructescences. Cuichoa, Ecuador. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photo Ecuador. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 10932. Photo by Robin Foster.
   • Photo 1, Photo 2 and Photo 3.  Mistletoes with flowering and fruiting spikes. Slopes of Cerro Itamut, Bocas del Toro, Panama.  Sandra Knapp & Alex K. Monro nos. 9868 and 9869. From TROPICOS image library MO.
3. Dendrophthora costaricensis ssp. costaricensis
   • Photo Flowering and fruiting shoots. Costa Rica, San Jose Prov., Dist. Dota, San Geraldo, on road to Savaegre Hotel. Photo by Mauricio Bonaficino, June 17, 2004.
   • Photo Close-up of inflorescence and fruit. Costa Rica, San Jose Prov., Dist. Dota, San Geraldo, on road to Savaegre Hotel. Photo by Mauricio Bonaficino, June 17, 2004.
   • Photo 1 showing plant habit and Photo 2 close-up of infructescence.  Along ridge leading to Río Teribe, Bocas del Toro, Panama.   Sandra Knapp & Alex K. Monro no. 5228. From TROPICOS image library MO.
4. Dendrophthora costaricensis ssp. poasensis
   • Photo Shoots with young inflorescence. Costa Rica, Volcan Poás. Photo by Mauricio Bonaficino, July 8, 2004.
   • Photo Shoots with mature and maturing fruits. Costa Rica, Volcan Poás. Photo by Mauricio Bonaficino, July 8, 2004.
   • Photo Mature, flattened fruits. Costa Rica, Volcan Poás. Photo by Mauricio Bonaficino, July 8, 2004.
5. Dendrophthora elliptica
   • Photo. Perú. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 14265. Photo by Robin Foster.
   • Habit of mistletoe parasitic on Tibouchina (arrows, bar = 3 cm) and close-up of fruiting shoot (bar = 3 cm).  Figure 37 from Reif (2007).  English translation of the thesis available HERE.
6. Dendrophthora flagelliformis
   
   • Photo.  Close-up of inflorescences with young fruits.  Puerto Rico, Municipio of Sabana Grande, 30 June 1991, James S. Miller & Chris D. Sherman 6615. From TROPICOS image library MO.
   • Habit of mistletoe on host branch. Camuy Caverns Park, Camuy, NW Puerto Rico. From Father Sanchez's Web Site of West Indian Natural History.
7. Dendrophthora jauana
   
   • Photo.  Cerro Neblina Valle de Titricó, N of Pico Phelps Amazonas, Venezuela.  Photo by T. Croat, voucher 59546. From TROPICOS image library MO.
8. Dendrophthora lueri
   • Photo. Ecuador. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 11743. Photo by Robin Foster.
9. Dendrophthora opuntioides
   
   • Photo. Above Hardwar Gap, St. Andrew, Jamaica.  Photo by A. Gentry, voucher no. 28325.  From TROPICOS image library MO.
   • Photo of the mistletoe shoots, photo of the stem base, and photo of fruiting shoots covered with lichens. Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park, east-central Jamaica. From Father Sanchez's Web Site of West Indian Natural History.
10.  Dendrophthora paucifolia
    • Photo. Perú. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 23558. Photo by Robin Foster.
    • Photo. Perú. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 23563. Photo by Robin Foster.
11. Dendrophthora roraimae
    • Photo Growing on Marcetia taxifolia (Melastomataceae). 2634 m alt. South-eastern part of Mount Kukenan, Estado Bolivar, Venezuela. Photo December 2004 by Andreas S. Fleischmann
    • Photo Growing on Maguireothamnus speciosus (Rubiaceae). 2634 m alt. South-eastern part of Mount Kukenan, Estado Bolivar, Venezuela. Photo December 2004 by Andreas S. Fleischmann."
    • Photo Fruiting plant. Host: Maguireothamnus speciosus (Rubiaceae). 2634 m alt. South-eastern part of Mount Kukenan, Estado Bolivar, Venezuela. Photo December 2004 by Andreas S. Fleischmann.
12. Dendrophthora serpyllifolia
    
    • Photo of young mistletoe shoots emerging from host branch. Camuy Caverns Park, Camuy, NW Puerto Rico. From Father Sanchez's Web Site of West Indian Natural History.
13. Dendrophthora squamigera
    • Photo Habit on host branch, from ericaceous forest. Costa Rica, San Jose Prov., Canton Perez Zeledón, Dist. Dota, Pueble San Gerardo, at top of Cerro de la Muerta. Photo by Josh Der June 21, 2004.
    • Photo. Collected shoots in hand, covered in lichen. Costa Rica, San Jose Prov., Canton Perez Zeledón, Dist. Dota, Pueble San Gerardo, at top of Cerro de la Muerta. Photo by Josh Der June 21, 2004.
    • Photo Close-up of shoots with flowers and fruits. Costa Rica, San Jose Prov., Canton Perez Zeledón, Dist. Dota, Pueble San Gerardo, at top of Cerro de la Muerta. Photo by Josh Der June 21, 2004.
    • Photo Another individual from the population showing polymorphism: darker green and lax shoots. Costa Rica, San Jose Prov., Canton Perez Zeledón, Dist. Dota, Pueble San Gerardo, at top of Cerro de la Muerta. Photo by Josh Der June 21, 2004.
    • Photo 1 and closer view Photo 2.  12.3 km NE of Estación Pittier, SE slopes of Cerro Itamut, ridge above small quebrada running between Itamut and El Pyramide, Bocas del Toro, Panama.  Sandra Knapp & Alex K. Monro no. 10010. From TROPICOS image library MO.
14. Dendrophthora sp. 1
    
    • Photos 1 and 2 of flowering shoots (some with young fruits) and photo 3 of fruiting shoots.  Parque Nacional Madidi, Franz Tamayo, La Paz, Bolivia. A. Fuentes et al. no. 5592.  From TROPICOS image library MO.
15. Dendrophthora sp. 2
    
    • Photo.  Flowering shoot.  Bolivia, La Paz, Murillo.  Photo by James Solomon [coll. 19048, 10 May 1990].
16. Dendrophthora sp. 3
    
    • Photo. Parasitic on Vaccinium.  South slopes of Cerro Itamut, Bocas del Toro, Panama.  S. Knapp & Alex K. Monro no. 9976.  From TROPICOS image library MO.
17. Dendrophthora sp. 4
    
    • Photo of fruiting spike. Slopes of Cerro Itamut near camp 1, 12.1 km NE (straight line) of Estación Pittier, Bocas del Toro, Panama.   Sandra Knapp & Alex K. Monro no. 9868. From TROPICOS image library MO.
18. Dendrophthora sp. 5
    
    • Photo 1 of habit and Photo 2 of fruiting spike. NE of camp 2, along ridge leading to Río Teribe, Bocas del Toro, Panama.   Sandra Knapp & Alex K. Monro no. 9924. From TROPICOS image library MO.

Ginalloa

1. Ginalloa angustifolia
   
   • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
2. Ginalloa ovata
   • Photograph of isotype. Link goes to New York Botanical Garden.

Korthalsella

1. Korthalsella clavata
   • Photo Shoots. New Zealand. Photo by Dave Norton.
2. Korthalsella cylindrica
   • Flowering shoots, close-up of flowers. Link goes to University of Hawaii Vascular Plant Families.
   • Mistletoe on host.  Awa'awapuhi Trail, Koke'e State Park, Kaua'i, Hawaii. Link goes to Picas web albums by John.
3. Korthalsella disticha
   • Photo Habit of plant. Norfolk Island (between New Zealand and New Caledonia). Photo by Peter Bannister.
   • Photos of shoots and close-up of fruiting shoots.  Mandjelia, New Caledonia. Photo 13 Nov. 2007 by C. Davidson (coll. J. Munzinger 4752). From FloraoftheWorld.org.
   • Photo.  Habit of plant in tree.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
   • Photo.  Closer view of mistletoe.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
   • Photo Close-up of stem, photo close-up of fruits. Link goes to Australia National Botanic Gardens.
   • Photo. New Caledonia. Link goes to TROPICOS.
     
   • Photo Habit. Link goes to Australia National Botanic Gardens.
   • Photo (by G. Butler) habit of mistletoe, photo (by M. Fagg) closer view of shoots and photo (by M. Fagg) of fruiting stem.  From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
   • Photos. A series of photos and descriptions (in French). For a Google translation of the page to English, go HERE.  Link goes to Endemia.nc.
4. Korthalsella grayi
   • Photo Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photo habit of plant, photo of shoots with young fruits.  From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
   • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
5. Korthalsella horneana
   
   • Shoots with fruits.  From Rare Plants of American Samoa. Photo 1994 by W. Arthur Whistler.
6. Korthalsella japonica.
   
   • Photo Shoot showing flowers and fruits. Tarumizu, Kagoshima, Japan. Photograph by Nagata Yoshio, published in "World of Plants" article by Mitsuru Hirota (Weekly Asahihyakka, Jan. 22, 1995).
   • Photo. Habit of mistletoe on host branch. Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma.
   • Photo. Closer view of stems with flowers and fruits. Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma.
   • Photo1, Photo2.  Madagascar. Link goes to TROPICOS.
   • Photos. A series of close-up photos of flowers, fruits, etc. Taiwan. Photos by Mingiweng. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Photo habit of plant, photo of shoots with young fruits.  From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
   • Photos ssp. brassiana.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
   • Photos ssp. brassiana. Link goes to North Queensland Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.
7. Korthalsella latissima (including K. complanata)
   • Photo Note extremely flattened phylloclades. Hawai'i. [Molvray 309]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo.  An excellent photo of this species from Koke'e State Park, Kaua'i, Hawaii. Link goes to Picas web albums by John.
   • Photo. Shoots. Link goes to University of Hawai'i Vascular Plant Families.
   • Photo. Hawai'i. Flattened phylloclades with axillary fruits. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo. Hawaii. Close-up of fruits with emerging seeds. Unlike dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium) where the seed explosively exits from the fruit at the pedicel end, the seed of Korthalsella exits nonexplosively from the stigmatic end of the fruit. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo Host tree, Acacia koa, with mistletoes. Koaia Tree Sanctuary, North Kohala, Hawai'i, Hawai'i. [DLN 4294]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo Host tree, Acacia koa, with mistletoes, Kona Coast in background. Across road from Koaia Tree Sanctuary, North Kohala, Hawai'i, Hawai'i. [DLN 4294]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo Close-up of mistletoe, parasitic on Acacia koa. Koaia Tree Sanctuary, North Kohala, Hawai'i, Hawai'i. [DLN 4294]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo Another close-up of mistletoe, parasitic on Acacia koa. Koaia Tree Sanctuary, North Kohala, Hawai'i, Hawai'i. [DLN 4294]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo Christina Hoffman, my gracious "host" while botanizing in Hawai'i! Across road from Koaia Tree Sanctuary, North Kohala, Hawai'i, Hawai'i. [DLN 4294]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo.  Shoots (as K. complanata). From Polynesia.  Link goes to Die Pflanzenwelt Polynesiens. Photo by Forest and Kim Starr.
8. Korthalsella lindsayi
   
   • Photo.  Parasitic on Coprosma crassifolia. New Zealand. Photo by Peter Bannister.
   • Photo.  Parasitic on on Melicope simplex.  New Zealand. Photo by Peter Bannister.
   • Photo.  The diminutive mistletoe is present on a twig with lichens (Ramalina glaucescens). New Zealand.  Photo by Del Wiens.
   • Photo.  Mistletoe parasitic on Lophomyrtus obcordata. New Zealand. Photo by Del Wiens.
   • Photo.  A close-up view of the mistletoe, parasitc on Coprosma sp. New Zealand. Photo by Del Wiens.
9. Korthalsella opuntia  
   
   • Photo. Most similar to var. gaudichaudi. Parasitic on the endemic Euodia borbonica. La Réunion. Photo by Rogier van Vugt, Feb. 9, 2008.
   • Photo. Most similar to var. richardi. La Réunion. Photo by Rogier van Vugt, Feb. 13, 2008.
   • Photo. Possibly var. richardi. Madagascar. Photo by Del Wiens.
10. Korthalsella papuana  
    
    • Photos. Mistletoe parasitic on Syzygium australe.  West of Mt. Baldy in the Herberton State Forest, ca. 7 km west of Atherton. Photos by John Beasley.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
    • Photos. Link goes to North Queensland Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.
11. Korthalsella platycaula
    
    • Photo. From Polynesia.  Link goes to Die Pflanzenwelt Polynesiens. Photo by Kenneth R. Wood.
12. Korthalsella remyana
    
    • Photo. From Polynesia.  Link goes to Die Pflanzenwelt Polynesiens. Photo by Jupiter Nielsen.
13. Korthalsella rubra
    
    • Photo. Habit of the plant.  New South Wales, Australia. Photo by Greg S. Link goes to Panoramio.
    • Photo habit of plant. From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
    • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
14. Korthalsella salicornioides
    
    • Photo. Parasitic on Erica lusitanica (an introduced host).  New Zealand. Photo by Peter Bannister.
    • Photo. Parasitic on Kunzea ericoides.  New Zealand. Photo by Peter Bannister.
    • Photo.  Parasitic on Kunzea ericoides.  New Zealand. Photo by Del Wiens.
    • A series of photos of the wasp Podagritus albipes (Sphecidae) and some small flies on K. salicornioides. Photos by Alastair Robertson on his Picasa web album pages HERE.
    • Photos. A series of photos and descriptions (in French). For a Google translation of the page to English, go HERE.  Link goes to Endemia.nc.

Notothixos

1. Notothixos cornifolius
   • Photo A very "Viscum-like" species. Queensland, Australia. [DLN 2808]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo habit of plant and photo of flowering shoot1 and flowers. From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
   • Photos. Link goes to North Queensland Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.
   • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
2. Notothixos incanus
   • Photo Habit of the plant parasitizing Melaleuca. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photo Plant showing haustorial connection to host. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photo Closer view of mistletoe shoots. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photos. Coastal flat behind Moonee Beach, north of Coffs Harbour, New South Wales. Photos by Tony from Sydney. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Photo of flowering shoot, photo of flower and photo of fruiting shoots. From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
3. Notothixos leiophyllus
   • Photo Note silvery indumentum. Queensland, Australia. [DLN 2785]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo of flowering shoot and photo of fruiting shoots. From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
   • Photos. Link goes to North Queensland Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.
   • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
4. Notothixos cf. malayanus
   • One view and another of the habit of the plant, growing on Dolichandrone spathacea (Bignoniaceae) in a peat swamp heat forest between hot springs, Had Chao Mai National Park, Prov. Trang, Peninsular Thailand, alt. 60 m. Photo October 2005 by A. Fleischmann.
   • Close-up of a branch. Note the dense velvety tomentum of dendritic hairs on the young stem and leaves. Location same as above. Photo October 2005 by A. Fleischmann.
   • Close-up of a pistillate plant with flowers. Location same as above. Photo October 2005 by A. Fleischmann.
5. Notothixos subaureus.
   • Photo Mistletoe with flowers and fruits. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photo of mistletoe habit on host branch, photo of flowering shoot, photo of flowers and photo of fruits. From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
   • Photos. Link goes to North Queensland Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.
   • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.

Phoradendron

1. Phoradendron affine
   
   • Photo of plant in fruit. Cerrado Campineiro, near Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Photo by Marcosilva57, from Picasaweb.
2. Phoradendron bathyoryctum
   • Photo Branches with leaves and spikes (bar = 2 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
   • Photo Detail of the spike (bar = 1 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
3. Phoradendron berteroanum (DC) Grisebach. (= P. henslovii)
   • Photo Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photo Close-up of inflorescence. Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photo Habit of fruiting plant. Isabella Island, Galapagos. Photo by Thomas Rödl.
   • Photo Close-up of infructescence. Isabella Island, Galapagos. Photo by Thomas Rödl.
   • Photo A variant of this species showing smaller rounded leaves (see Kuijt 2004, Fig. 44). Photo by Thomas Rödl.
4. Phoradendron boacoi
   
   • Photos.  Nicaragua.  Photos by O. M. Montiel. Link goes to TROPICOS.
5. Phoradendron bolleanum (densum variant)
   • Photo Habitat of mistletoe with many hosts (Juniperus occidentalis). Along I5, N of US 96, Siskiyou Co, California, USA. Photo by Wm. Vance Baird.
   • Photo The host tree, Juniperus occidentalis, with mistletoe. Siskiyou Co, California, USA. Photo by Wm. Vance Baird.
   • Photo Mistletoe in flower. Siskiyou Co, California, USA. Photo by Wm. Vance Baird.
   • Photo Fruiting plant. Siskiyou Co, California, USA. Photo by Wm. Vance Baird.
   • Photo Close-up of fruits. Siskiyou Co, California, USA. Photo by Wm. Vance Baird.
   • Photo.  Fruiting plant.  Mojave National Preserve, San Bernardino Co., CA.  Photo by Yaxbalam. Link goes to Flickr.
6. Phoradendron brachystachyum (syn. P. diguetianum)
   • Photo.  Parasitic on Pachycereus pringlei, forming subglobular excrescence to 3 dm on truck.  Cape Region of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Photo 27 Nov. 1969 by Reid Moran (slide archived at the San Diego Natural History Museum).
   • Photo.  A second image of the above unusual host/parasite combination. Note the extensive canker formation, caused by hypertrophy of host tissue at the site of the mistletoe haustorium.  North of Migrino, Baja California Sur,  Mexico.  Photo 8 Nov. 1971 by Reid Moran (slide archived at the San Diego Natural History Museum).
     
7. Phoradendron californicum
   • Photo Host, Prosopis julifolia with mistletoe. Photo by Wm. Vance Baird.
   • Photo Mistletoe on host, Prosopis julifolia. Photo by Wm. Vance Baird.
   • Photo Fruiting plant. Photo by Wm. Vance Baird.
   • Photos. Several excellent photos of plant. Coachella Valley, California. Photos by Joe Decruyenaere. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Photo.  Phainopela feeding on Phoradendron californicum fruits. SE Arizona.  Photo by Gary Clark from his Picasaweb page HERE.
   • Photos.  A nice series of photos of this species from San Bernardino Co., CA. Photos by Dennis Stevenson.  Link goes to PlantSystematics.org.
   • Photo1, photo2.  Showing a rare condition epiparasitic upon P. serotinum ssp. macrophyllum. The latter upon Fraxinus velutina.  Moristown, AZ.  Photos by Paul Kaufman.  See his web site HERE.
8. Phoradendron chrysocladon
   • Photo Collected plant. Costa Rica, Punta Arenas: Coto Brus San Vito, Estacion Biologica Las Cruces. Photo by Josh Der, June 17, 2004.
   • Photo Close-up of inflorescence. Costa Rica, Punta Arenas: Coto Brus San Vito, Estacion Biologica Las Cruces. Photo by Josh Der, June 17, 2004.
   • Photo. Belize. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 9692. Photo by Robin Foster.
   • Photo. Ecuador. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 21275. Photo by Robin Foster.
   • Photo. Ecuador. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 13082. Photo by Robin Foster.
9. Phoradendron crassifolium
   
   • Photo.  Shoot with fruits.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
   • Photo.  Branch with fertile sheathing intercallary cataphylls (bar = 2 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
   • Photo  Branch parasitized by P. dipterum (arrow) (bar = 1 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
10. Phoradendron dipterum
    
    • Photo  Close-up of the attachment of the mistletoe (arrow) on P. crassifolium, an epiparasitic relationship (bar = 1.5 cm).  From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo  Close-up of branch with spikes (bar = 1 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo Close-up of the fruiting spike (bar = 1 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
11.  Phoradendron foresteriae.
    
    • Photo. Shoot with inflorescences. Chiapas, Mexico in the vicinity of San Cristobal de las Casas. Photo August 2008 by Christopher Randle.
12.  Phoradendron fragile
    
    • Photo  Aspect of the flowering branch (bar = 4 cm).  From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo Close-up of the fruits (bar = 5 mm).  From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
13. Phoradendron hexastichum
    
    • Photo. Shoot with fruits.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
    • Photo1, Photo2.  Puerto Rico.  Photos by C. M. Taylor. Link goes to TROPICOS.
14. Phoradendron juniperinum
    • Photo On Juniperus osteosperma, Pecos New Mexico, USA. Photo by Dan Nickrent.
    • Photo Close-up of fruiting plant on Juniperus osteosperma, Pecos New Mexico, USA. Photo by Dan Nickrent
    • Photo Host plant, Juniperus occidentalis, infected with mistletoe. Photo by Wm. Vance Baird.
    • Photo Mistletoe on host plant, Juniperus osteosperma. Photo by Wm. Vance Baird.
    • Photo Close-up of staminate shoots. Photo by Wm. Vance Baird.
    • Photo Close-up of staminate plants with fully open staminate flowers. S of Jemez Springs, NM. Photo by Dan Nickrent.
    • Photo Close-up of carpellate plant with paired fruits. S of Jemez Springs, NM. Photo by Dan Nickrent.
    • Photos.  A series of photos of this species.  Photos by D. L. Nickrent. Link goes to PhytoImages.
15. Phoradendron leucarpum ssp. serotinum
    • Photo Parasitic on Quercus coccinea, Elmore Co, Alabama, USA. [DLN 2135]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Carpellate plant in fruit. College Station, Texas. [DLN 2005]. Photo by Ken Robertson.
    • Photos. A number of photos of this species. Link goes to PhytoImages.
16. Phoradendron leucarpumssp. macrophyllum [formerly P. macrophyllum. See Kuijt (2003]
    
    • Photos of the plant.  Cattle Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains near Los Angeles, CA.  Photos by Sedges Have Edges.  Link goes to Flickr.
17. Phoradendron leucarpum ssp. tomentosum
    • Photo Staminate inflorescence (left) and carpellate (right). College Station, Brazos Co., Texas, USA. [DLN 2152]. Photo by Ken Robertson.
    • Photo Staminate inflorescence (left) and carpellate (right), sectioned longitudinally. As above. Photo by Ken Robertson.
    • Photo Seed with viscin removed (left) and intact (right). As above. Photo by Ken Robertson.
    • Photo Seeds with viscin coats fully expanded, floating in water. College Station, Brazos Co., Texas, USA. [DLN 2342]. Photo by Ken Robertson.
18. Phoradendron linearifolium
    
    • Photo Close-up of the haustorium on the host branch (bar = 1 cm).  From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo Branches and leaves of the mistletoe (bar = 2 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo Close-up of the fruit (bar = 1 cm). From Reif (2007).  From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
19. Phoradendron nervosum
    • Photo Pasachoa, Ecuador. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
20. Phoradendron obtusissimum
    
    • Photo Mistletoe on the host (bar = 10 cm).  From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo Close-up of the fruits (bar = 1 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
21. Phoradendron piperoides
    • Photo  Mistletoe shoots with flowering spikes (bar = 3 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo  Fruiting spikes (bar = 3 cm). From Reif (2007).  From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photos A series of digital photos showing various parts of the plant (leaves, inflorescences, fruits, etc.) Link goes to La Flora Digital de La Selva.
22. Phoradendron quadrangulare
    • Photo 1 and photo 2. Panamá. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo IDs rf3 and rf4. Photos by Robin Foster.
    • Photo  Close-up of the spike with fruits (bar = 5 mm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo  Seeds on host branch showing viscin stands. From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo  Fruiting shoot, parasitic on Ficus.   Km 168 on Highway 1, 16 km N of Estelí, Cuesta de Kukamonga, nearly dry stream bed leading down to Río Estelí, Nicaragua.  W. D. Stevens et al. no. 27030. From TROPICOS image library MO.
    • Photo Fruiting shoots, parasitic on Ficus. 8.1 km NE of La Libertad (parque) along road to Santo Domingo, Chontales, Nicaragua. W. D. Stevens et al. 27353.   From TROPICOS image library MO.
    • Photos of plant from near Iquitos, Peru.  By Alexey Yakovlev.  Link goes to Flickr.
23. Phoradendron rubrum
    
    • Photo. Flowering and fruiting shoots.  From Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants, Wildflowers of the Everglades.  Photo by Roger Hammer.
24. Phoradendron scabberimum
    • Photo Mistletoe epiparasitic on Phoradendron longifolium, Sinaloa, Mexico. This young plant attached to a leaf, hence it will probably not be able to fully develop. Note that Kuijt (2004) sunk P. scabberimum into P. longifolium. Does this photo thus represent autoparasitism? The phylogenetic studies by Ashworth (2000) suggests that these taxa are distinctive, but more work is needed! Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo An older epiparasitic mistletoe on Phoradendron longifolium. Arrow indicates point of attachment. Sinaloa, Mexico. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
25. Phoradendron tonduzii
    
    • Photo.  Fruiting shoots, parasitic on Tecoma stans. Madriz, Nicaragua.  W.D. Stevens & O.M. Montiel J. no. 26731. From TROPICOS image library MO.
    • Photo of fruiting plant. Zapotitlan, Mexico. Photos by Art Vogel. From his Picasa web album.
26. Phoradendron trinervium
    
    • Photo.  Shoot with inflorescences and fruits.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
27. Phoradendron tunaeforme
    
    • Photo Habit of mistletoe (bar = 1.5 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
28. Phoradendron undulatum
    
    • Photo.  Spikes with flowers.  Parque Nacional Madidi, along Jatun Chiriuno gorge, 31 km in a line E of Apolo on road to San José de Uchupiamonas, Franz Tamayo, La Paz, Bolivia.  A. Fuentes et al. no. 4522. From TROPICOS image library MO.
    • Photo Fruiting branch, sectioned at the ancipital internode (bar = 1 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available HERE.
    • Photo Branchlet with sheathing cataphylls evident (arrow) (bar = 1.5 cm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available  HERE.
    • Photo  Close-up of the fruiting spike (bar = 5 mm). From Reif (2007). English translation of the thesis available  HERE.
29. Phoradendron villosum
    
    • Photos.  A nice series of photos of this species from Kern Co., CA. Photos by Dennis Stevenson.  Link goes to PlantSystematics.org.
30. Phoradendron sp. 1
    • Photo Near Boca Limon, NW of San Vito, Costa Rica. The parasite has nearly taken over the entire host tree! Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
31. Phoradendron sp. 2
    • Photo Perú. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 15785. Photo by Robin Foster.
32. Phoradendron sp. 3
    • Photo Perú. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 14419. Photo by Robin Foster.
33. Phoradendron sp. 4
    • Photo Perú. From Neotropical Live Plant Photos. Photo ID 14402. Photo by Robin Foster.
34. Phoradendron sp. 5
    
    • Photo 1 of shoots with young fruits and Photo 2 a close-up from that photo.  Along Carretera Panamericana between Ciudad Darío and Sebaco, near Las Tunas, Matagalpa, Nicaragua. W.D. Stevens & O.M. Montiel J. 26628.  Differs from P. mucronatum and P. rigidifolium in several features; thus a new species? From TROPICOS image library MO.
35. Phoradendron sp. 6
    
    • Photo 1 showing habit in host tree (Caesalpinia) and Photo 2 flowering shoots. Along Carretera Panamericana between Ciudad Darío and Sebaco, near Las Tunas, Matagalpa, Nicaragua. W. D. Stevens and O. M. Montiel J. no. 26626.  From TROPICOS image library MO.
36. Phoradendron sp. 7
    
    • Photo 1 showing mistletoe in epiphyte-covered Ficus and Photo 2 of infructescence. Along road to San Marcos from Jinotega to San Rafael del Norte highway, 2 km from highway, Jinotega, Nicaragua.  W. D. Stevens and O. M. Montiel J. no. 27765.  From TROPICOS image library MO.
37. Phoradendron sp. 8
    
    • Photo.   Inflorescences. Parasitic on Cordia alliodora. 7 km NNE of Cuapa along road toward Muy Muy, Chontales, Nicaragua. W. D. Stevens & O. M. Montiel J. no. 27988.   From TROPICOS image library MO.
38. Phoradendron sp. 9
    • Photo 1 and Photo 2.  Shoot with axillary spikes. Santo Domingo, sector Tintaya, Franz Tamayo, La Paz, Bolivia.  A. Fuentes et al. 11088.  From TROPICOS image library MO.

Viscum

1. Viscum album
   • Photo Habit of numerous plants in tree. Vienna, Austria. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photo Close-up of shoots with young fruit. Spain. Photo by Dan Nickrent.
   • Photo of mistletoe, showing central terminal fruit subtended by smaller lateral shoots and then larger lateral shoots. Photo by Dan Nickrent.
   • Photo Fruiting plant, from population introduced to California, USA. Photo by D. Wiens.
   • Photo Several photos, including close-ups of the fruits. Link goes to BioImages: The Virtual Field-Guide (UK).
   • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photos  From Google Image search.
     
2. Viscum album ssp. austriacum
   • Photo Parasitic on Pinus sylvestris. Lower Austria. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
3. Viscum angulatum
   
   • Photo of plant on host, Randia dumetorum (Rubiaceae) and photo showing closer view of shoots. Mahabaleshwar, India (Western Ghats). Photo January 2009 by R.B. Jadhav.
4. Viscum alni-formosae
   • Photo An endemic species, parasitic on Alnus, found in the central mountains at about 2000 m. Photo by J.-M. Hu, June 16, 1993. Nan-Tou, Taiwan.
   • Photos.  Nice close-ups of plant from Taiwan.  Photos by Mingiweng. Link goes to Flickr.
5. Viscum articulatum
   • Photo Hyperparasitic on Amyema cambagei. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photo On Cassia fistula. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photo Close-up of connection to host, Cassia fistula. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photos. A series of close-up photos of flowers, fruits, etc. Taiwan. Photos by Mingiweng. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Photo of mistletoe habit on host branch with Dendrophthoe homoplasticum, photo of shoot, photo of flower and photo of fruits. From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
   • Photos. Link goes to North Queensland Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.
   • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
     
6. Viscum capense
   • Photo Staminate plants collected at Cape Point, South Africa. [DLN 4083]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo Habit of plant parasitic on Lycium, Karoo Botanical Gardens, near Worcester, South Africa. [DLN 4086]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photos  Link goes to PhytoImages.
   • Photo of male plant in flower.  Goegap Nature Reserve, Cape Region, South Africa. Photo by Kerry Woods.  Link goes to Picasa web album.
     
7. Viscum capitellatum.
   • Photo1,  Photo2, and Photo3.  Epiparasitic on Dendrophthoe falcata. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photo of plant with unripe fruits and seeds forming haustoria on host.  Epiparasitic on Dendrophthoe falcata which was itself parasitic on Mangifera indica. Western Ghats, India.  Photos by R. B. Jadhav.
8. Viscum coloratum
   
   • Photos.  Jilin Shirakawa street, China. Photo by Xuke Xue. Link goes to PlantPhotoBank.cn.
9. Viscum crassulae
   • Photo Showing habit of mistletoe parasitic on Portulacaria afra, near Committee's Drift, South Africa. [DLN 4121]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photo Close-up of plant showing the extremely succulent stems. [DLN 4121]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
10. Viscum cruciatum
    
    • Photo of plant in fruit.  From Alastair Robertson's Gallery. Link goes to Picasa web albums.
11.  Viscum cuneifolium
    
    • Photo.  Collected specimen.  Hazomiavona, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
    • Photo.  Closer view showing young fruits.  Hazomiavona, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
12. Viscum diospyrosicolum
    
    • Photos   Fujian, Hu Bo Liu, China. Photo by Xuke Xue. Link goes to PlantPhotoBank.cn.
13. Viscum laxum
    
    • Photo.  Plant with young fruits. Camino Aragones, Spain.  From Joaquin. Link goes to Picasa web albums.
14. Viscum loranthi
    • Photo Hyperparasitic on Scurrula elata. Nepal. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Photo Close-up of plant in fruit. Hyperparasitic on Scurrula elata. Nepal. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel
15. Viscum minimum
    • Euphorbia polygona, the succulent host of Viscum minimum - a diminutive mistletoe that is too small to be seen at the tip of Gerhard Marx'x finger! Near Riebeek Oos, South Africa. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Close-up of plants parasitic on Euphorbia polygona. Near Riebeek Oos, South Africa. [DLN 4118]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Extreme close-up of plants showing staminate flowering dehiscing pollen. Near Riebeek Oos, South Africa. [DLN 4118]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Plant in fruit. On Euphorbia sp. Photo by J. Mauseth.
    • Photo.  Euphorbia with Viscum fruits.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
16. Viscum monoicum
    • Photo Habit of plant. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Photo Fruits. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Photo Many germinated seeds attaching to the mother plant (autoparasitism). Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
17. Viscum multicostatum
    
    • Photo 1 Fruiting branch. Vatomandry, Ambalambe, Sahanionaka, village of Vodiriana au Nord Ouest du Toby Lemazava, Toamasina, Alaotra-Mangoro, Madagascar.  A. Razanatsima no. 236.  From TROPICOS image library MO.
18. Viscum multiflorum
    
    • Photo 1 Fruiting branch (ripe fruits dark red). Andapa, Doany, Anjialavahely. Ankarongameloka forest, Antsiranana, SAVA, Madagascar.  Patrice Antilahimena & Tianina no. 4752.  From TROPICOS image library MO.
    • Photo1, Photo2.  Fruiting shoots.  Madagascar.  Photos by Martin Callmander. Link goes to TROPICOS.
19. Viscum myriophlebium
    
    • Photo 1 of shoot in hand photo 2 of fruits. Forêt de crête au Nord du campement Bemafo, Mahajanga, Sofia, Madagascar. Sven Buerki et al. no. 112. From TROPICOS image library MO.
20. Viscum obovatum
    • Photo Habit of mistletoe parasitic on Ochna, near Kleinemonde, South African. [DLN 4112]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Photo Close-up of plant showing the characteristic warty fruits, near Kleinemonde, South African. [DLN 4112]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
21. Viscum obscurum
    • Photo Staminate (left) and pistillate (right) plants, near Grahamstown, South Africa. [DLN 4108]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
22. Viscum orientale [=V. hyneanum]
    
    • Photo Habit. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Photo Close-up showing flowers. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Photo Sarawak, Malaysia. [DLN 4003]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
23. Viscum ovalifolium
    • Photo Habit. Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma.
    • Photo flowers. Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma.
    • Photo Fruiting shoots. Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma.
    • Photo Fruits. Note warts on young fruit disappear when fruit expands upon maturity. Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma. 
    • Photo Seeds. Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma.
    • Photos. Link goes to PhytoImages.
    • Photos. Seeds and seedlings attaching to host organs. Vietnam. Photos by Ductrongeb. Link goes to Flickr.
    • Photo of mistletoe with young fruits and photo of mature fruit. From Australian Mistletoes by Bryan Barlow.
    • Photos.  Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
    • Photos. Link goes to North Queensland Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.
24. Viscum rotundifolium
    
    • Photos.  Link goes to PhytoImages.
25. Viscum triflorum
    • Photo Shoot with fruits. Sud-Est, Farafangana, Mahabo Mananivo, Nosiala, Agnalazaha, Fianarantsoa, Atsimo-Atsinanana, Madagascar. Nivo Rakotoarivelo & Ph. Tamaizafy no. 189. From TROPICOS image library MO.
26. Viscum whitei
    • Photos. Link goes to North Queensland Plants by Roger Fryer and Jill Newland.
27. Viscum sp. 1
    • Photo Shoot with young fruits. Vatomandry, Lakato, Anivorano, village d'Ambodigavo, Toamasina, Alaotra-Mangoro, Madagascar. A. Razanatsima et al. no. 274.  From TROPICOS image library MO.

DNA Sequence Data

• PPC Tables (includes lists of unpublished sequences)
• NCBI Taxonomy Browser (Genbank, published sequences for Viscaceae)

Phylogeny

References