Opiliaceae Valeton

Family Description

Distribution Map

List of Genera

Photographs

Agonandra

1. Agondandra brasiliensis
   
   • A series of photos from Atrium, biodiversity information system.
   • Line drawing. Link goes to TROPICOS.
     
2. Agonandra engleri
   • Leaves and vegetative shoots. From Tree species of the Caetetus Ecological Station (Espécies Arbóreas Da Estação Ecológica Dos Caetetus). Photo by Giselda Durigan.
3. Agonandra excelsa
   • Plant with flowers, Ecuador. Photo by C. Dodson, (no. 9634). Link goes to TROPICOS database, MO.
   • Series of photos of this species.  Link goes to Flora Digital RS, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
4. Agonandra macrocarpa
   • Habit of this parasitic tree. Santa Rosa N.P., Costa Rica. [DLN 2764]. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Stem showing cauliflory. Same as above. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Male inflorescences. Same as above. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Staminate flowers. Same as above. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
5. Agondandra peruviana
   
   • A series of photos from Atrium, biodiversity information system.
6. Agondandra racemosa
   • One view and another of the inflorescences on leafy shoots. 1km E of Barra de la Cruz towards Playa, Mexico. From the Virtual Field Herbarium. Photo by Colin E. Hughes (specimen no. 1926).
   • Bark of tree, with cut. Same as above. Photo by Colin E. Hughes.
7. Agonandra sylvatica
   • Illustration, from A, E, Krukoff 9006; B-D, Silva 1348; F, G, L.B.B. 11195; H, I, Loubry s.n. A. Twig with male inflorescence. B. Young male inflorescence. C. Bracteole of a flower from B. D. Adaxial view of a bract. E. Male flower. F. Group of 3 female flowers after anthesis, only one tepal left. G. tepal of a female flower. H. Drupe. I. Drupe, longitudinally cut in half (from Flora of the Guianas 14, 1993). Fig. 13, from Hiepko (2000, Flora Neotropica Monograph 82).

Anthobolus (previously in Santalaceae)

1. Anthobolus filifolius
   • Herbarium specimen, Missouri Botanical Gardens (MO).
2. Anthobolus foveolatus
   • Composite photograph, from FloraBase, the Western Australian Flora. Photos by D. & B. Bellairs and M. Kealley.
3. Anthobolus leptomerioides
   • Habit of plant. 40 miles NW of Mt. Patricia, Central Australia. Plant parasitic on Acacia coriacea, in Triodia pungens association. Photo by G. Chippendale, in Stauffer (1959, Santalales Studien IV).
   • Close-up of flowers and fruits. Northwest Territory, Australia. Photo by Dave Albrecht.
   • Composite photograph, from FloraBase, the Western Australian Flora. Photos by C. Campbell.

Cansjera

1. Cansjera leptostachya
   • Vegetative specimen. Queensland, Australia. [DLN 2815] Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   •  Flowering shoots. Trinity Beach, N of Cairns, Queensland, Australia. [DLN 4454] Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Photos. Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
2. Cansjera rheedei
   • Young shrub with spiny stem growing in an inclined position. SE-Thailand, Rayong prov., Ban Phe. Photo by P. Hiepko.
   • Spiny stem. SE-Thailand, Rayong prov., Ban Phe. Photo by P. Hiepko.
   • Older stem of the liana, spines teat-like through secondary growth. SE-Thailand, Rayong prov., Ban Phe. Photo by P. Hiepko.
   • Inflorescence and young fruit. SE-Thailand, Rayong prov., Ban Phe (Geesink & Hiepko 7831). Photo by P. Hiepko.
   • Fruit. SE-Thailand, Rayong prov., Ban Phe. Photo by P. Hiepko.
   • Small white stem of the liana to the right of the tree (cf. fig. 3). SE-Thailand, Rayong prov., Ban Phe. Photo by P. Hiepko. (For more information on C. rheedei, see P. Hiepko & H.C. Weber in Willdenowia 8: 351-362. 1978).
   • A series of nice photos of this species.  Photos by Stanley Sze. Link goes to HKWildlife.net in China.  

Champereia

1. Champereia manillana
   • Inflorescence with bisexual flowers, Inflorescences on the main trunk of the treelet, Female inflorescences with young fruits. SE-Thailand, Rayong prov., Ban Phe (Geesink & Hiepko 7823). Photo by P. Hiepko.
   • Illustration. 1 and 2, bisexual flower, 3 female flower, 4 female flowers, two tepals removed (1 & 2 from Geesink & Hiepko 7823; 3 & 4 from Hiepko 364). Fig. 1, from Hiepko (1979, Willdenowia 9:13-56).
   • Photos. Flowers and fruits. Taiwan.  Photos by Mingiweng. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Fruits. McRitchie Nature Trail, Central Catchment Nature Preserve, Singapore. Photo by Orang Asli. Link goes to Flickr.
     
   • Photo. The leaves of chemperai are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. Malaysia.  Photos by Norisah. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Photos.  A page with a series of good photos of this species. Photos taken 17 February 2010 by Kwan.  Link goes to the NatureLoveYou web site in Singapore.
     

Gjellerupia

1. Gjellerupia papuana
   • Illustration. 1 twig with infructescence, 2 male flower, 3 bract from a male inflorescence, 4 female flower, one tepal and one stamen removed (1 from Darbyshire & Hoogland 8232; 2 from Gjellerup 170; 3 from Kostermans & Soegeng 266; 4 from Kostermans & Soegeng 390). Fig. 13, from Hiepko (1979, Willdenowia 9:13-56).

Lepionurus

1. Lepionurus sylvestris
   • Young inflorescence. Peninsular Thailand, Ranong, Klong Naka (Geesink, Hiepko & Phengklai 7567). Photo by P. Hiepko.
   • Inflorescence. Thailand, Chumpon province, Tha Sae, Kapo Waterfall (Williams 1252). Photo by Kyle Williams.
   • Inflorescence and mature fruits. Thailand, Chumpon province, Tha Sae, Kapo Waterfall (Williams 1252). Photo by Kyle Williams.
   • Mature flowers of plant in cultivation. Native to India to Malaysia. Photograph by Wolfgang Forsteuter, published in "World of Plants" article by Mitsuru Hirota (Weekly Asahihyakka, Jan. 22, 1995).
   • Illustration. A: two flowers of a triad, one just opened, B: bract, C: LS of flower (all from Nicolson 3072). Fig. 15, from Hiepko (1979, Willdenowia 9:13-56).

Melientha

1. Melientha suavis
   
   • Habit of the tree, leaves, and fruiting branches.  From the Melientha suavis page on Local Vegetables of Thailand web site, sponsored by JIRCAS (Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences).
   • Young plant in vegetative condition. The leaves are used as food in Thailand.  From the Friends of Salakphra website (the first wildlife sanctuary in Thailand).
   • Flowering branch, from Medicinal Plants in Nakhonratchasima Province website.
   • Illustration. 1 part of a female inflorescence, 2 female flower, two tepals removed, 3 LS of a male flower bud, 4 male flower, the stamens removed, 5 male flower (1, 2 & 3 from Put 666; 4 & 5 from Maxwell 75-70). Fig. 5, from Hiepko (1979, Willdenowia 9:13-56).
2. Melientha sp.
   • Herbarium specimen from Thailand, housed at Missouri Botanical Garden.

Opilia

1. Opilia amentacea
   • Pre-flowering individual. Queensland, Australia. [DLN 2809] Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Stem of the liana. Kenya, Kiambu Distr., Karura forest. Photo by P. Hiepko.
   • Branch with young inflorescences. Kenya, Kiambu Distr., Karura forest (Hiepko 2623). Photo by P. Hiepko.
   • Fruits. Quarry north of Mutoko, Zimbabwe. From the Flora of Zimbabwe web site. Photo by Mark A. Hyde
   • Illustration. A group of 3 flowers in the axil of a fallen bract, one stamen of the opened central flower cut off. B bract, adaxial view. C infructescence with 2 drupes (from spirit coll.). D left: drupe cut in half, seed removed; right: seed, cut in half. E twig with young inflorescence (A, B FHI 23979; C, D Warnecke 307; E Stolz 1512). Fig 2, from Hiepko (1982, Willdenowia 12:161-182).
   • Shoots with flowers and fruits, shoot with fruit, fruits cut transversely, close-up of fruit X.S. Jaagbo (Chinfoyiri) Sacred Grove in Tolon-Kumbugu District on Tolon - Daboya road; about 25km from Tamale. Ghana.. From Virtual Field Herbarium, Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford. Photo P. Ekpe/NSBP.
   • Shoots with young inflorescences. Species given as O. celtidifolia (a synonym acc. to Hiepko). From Plants of Africa, Mt. Kenya Rainforest. Photo by Richard  Spjut.
   • Photos. Link goes to Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants.
2. Opilia campestris
   • Habit. Kenya, Masai Distr. (Hiepko 2608). Photo by P. Hiepko.
   • Fruit. Kenya, Masai Distr. (Hiepko 2608). Photo by P. Hiepko.

Pentarhopalopilia

1. Pentarhopalopilia marquesii
   • Illustration. A, inflorescence, some flowers removed; B, bract, side view; C, bracteole, abaxial view; D, P. madagascariensis: inflorescence with persistent bracts; E, P. perrieri: young inflorescence on a short shoot, with basal leaf; F, G, P. umbellulata: F, flower, pedicel cut; G, flower just after anthesis (A-C, Gosswiler 8547; D, Capuron 23239-SF; E, Capuron 27963-SF; F, G, Faulkner 2390). Fig. 4, from Hiepko (1985, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 107:137-152).
2. Pentarhopalopilia perrieri
   • Photo1 and 2 of plant in fruit. Village Tortues (Turtle Village) near Ifaty, Prov. Toliara, Madagascar. Photo 15 Jan. 2006 by C. Davidson. From FloraoftheWorld.org.
3. Pentarhopalopilia umbellulata
   • Base of main stem with two whorls of stolons creeping on the soil. Kenya, Kwale Distr. (Hiepko & Robertson 2634), (see P. Hiepko in Bot. Janrb. Syst. 108: 271-291. 1987). Photo by P. Hiepko.
4. Pentarhopalopilia madagascariensis
   • Series of photos showing flowering and fruiting shoots. Antsiranana, Madagascar. Photos by G. E. Schatz (Schatz et al. 4296). Link goes to TROPICOS.
   • Young plants in cultivation at the QMM botanical garden. From the Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford - Some Plants Found in the Fort Dauphin Region, Madagascar.

Rhopalopilia

1. Rhopalopilia pallens
   • Illustration. A, inflorescence just before anthesis of the apical flower, bracts, bracteoles fallen, some flowers removed; B, flower after anthesis, longitudinally cut in half; C, tepal and attached stamen; D, flower, front tepal and stamen removed (A, B Mildbraed 3644; C, D, Klaine 1800). Fig. 2, from Hiepko (1985, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 107:137-152).

Urobotrya

1. Urobotrya congolana
   • Flowering shoots. Mt. Cameroon. Photograph by Martin Cheek [MC et al. 3947], December 1993.
2. Urobotrya siamensis
   • Branch with young and flowering inflorescences. Central Thailand, Saraburi, Sahm Lahn forest (Geesing, Hiepko & Maxwell 7807). Photo by P. Hiepko.
   • Young fruits. Central Thailand, Saraburi, Sahm Lahn forest (Geesing, Hiepko & Maxwell 7807). Photo by P. Hiepko.
   • More or less ripe fruits. Central Thailand, Saraburi, Sahm Lahn forest (Geesing, Hiepko & Maxwell 7807). Photo by P. Hiepko.
   • Inflorescences. From from Medicinal Plants in Nakhonratchasima Province website.
   • Fruits. From from Medicinal Plants in Nakhonratchasima Province website.
   • Illustration. 1 two young inflorescences, 2 bract, side view, 3 bract, 4 group of sclerenchymatic cells from a bract, 5 flower bud, 6 flower, one stamen cut off, 7 pistil and disc after flowering, 8 fruit, 8 LS of seed (1-7 from Soeresen, Larsen & hansen 6625, type; 8 from Kerr 7990; 9 from Collins 1986). Fig. 9, from Hiepko (1979, Willdenowia 9:13-56).

Phylogeny

References