Loranthaceae

Family Description

Distribution Map


List of Genera

Photographs

Actinanthella

1. Actinanthella menyharthii
   • Left photo showing mature flower bud with vents opening. Right photo showing the flower with reflexed corolla lobes after it has been opened (by probing birds). The coiled upper part of the filaments, previously in the upper part of the bud, act as a spring that cause the explosive openning of the flower. Photos by Del Wiens.

Aetanthus

1. Aetanthus mutisii
   • Flowers, Colombia. Photo by A. Gentry (no. 34712). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
   • Flowers. From the InfoJardin web site.
2. Aetanthus nodosus
   
   • Habit of plant. Andean Ecuador. Photo by D. Wiens, March 1965.
   • Close-up of flower. Flower on left is Aetanthus nodosus. It is compared with Tristerix longebracteatus (two flowers on the right). Ecuador. Photo by D. Wiens, Mar. 1965.
   • Inflorescences. Ecuador. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 11766.  Photo by Robin Foster
   • Flowers. Ecuador. As above. Photo ID 11767. Photo by Robin Foster.
   • Flowering shoots. Perú. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 16065. Photo by Robin Foster.
   • Flowering shoots.  Rio Blanco Huancabamba, Piura, Peru.  Photo by Mauricio Ugarte-Lewis.

Agelanthus - See also Polhill & Wiens (1998) p. 137-182 for many beautiful photos!

1. Agelanthus djurensis
   • Flowering shoots. Gabon. A. Gentry (no. 33124). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
2. Agelanthus nyasicus
   
   • Flowering shoot and close-up of flower.  Tanzania, Pungaluma Hills, NE of Mshewe Village, above Utengule Coffee Estate factory in miombo woodland. Photo 27 Jan. 2008 by C. Davidson (coll. Roy Gereau 7039). From FloraoftheWorld.org.
   • Flowers. Possibly this species. Tanzania highlands, Mafinga area. January 1986. Photo by D. Wiens.
3. Agelanthus prunifolius
   • Flowering shoots. A beautiful mistletoe parasitic on Rhus. Webb farm, Kleinemond, South Africa. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
4. Agelanthus schweinfurthii
   
   • Flowering shoot.  Nuba Mountains, Sudan. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
5. Agelanthus zizyphifolius
   
   • Flowering shoot.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)

Alepis

1. Alepis flavida
   • Photo. The "yellow beech mistletoe," parasitic on Nothofagus. New Zealand. Photo by David Norton.
   • Habit of the mistletoe.  Photo from Mistletoe Reproductive Biology web pages, University of Canterbury, by Dave Kelly.
   • Plant in flower.  Photo from Mistletoe Reproductive Biology web pages, University of Canterbury, by Dave Kelly.
   • Plant in fruit.  Photo from Mistletoe Reproductive Biology web pages, University of Canterbury, by Dave Kelly.
   • Plant in flower. along Rainbow walk at Wilderness Lodge , Arthur'a Pass, South Island, New Zealand. Photo by DigPeter. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Photos. Many nice photos of flowers. New Zealand. Photos by Alastair Robertson. Link goes to Picasa web albums.

Amyema

1. Amyema acuta (possibly A. celebica).
   • Flowering and vegetative shoots. Loco dicto Lataan, Nagtipunan municip., Quirino prov., Luzon Island, Philippines. Ca. 16°10”20.5”N, 121°44.23” E. Photo by  Nestor A. Bartolome.
2. Amyema artensis
   • Close-up of inflorescence. Morobe District, Finschhafen Subdistrict, Papua New Guinea. In village of Sisi. 2311 ft (704 m) elev. Parasitic on Syzygium. Photo. by D. L. Nickrent,
3. Amyema beccarii
   
   • Flowering plant, parasitic on Syzygium cuminii in a mango orchard at Iba, Zambales, Luzon Island, Phillipines. Photo April 2009 by Ulysses Ferreras.
   • Close-up of flower apex. Same info. as above.
     
4. Amyema bifurcata
   
   • Flowering plant, parasitic on Eucalyptus, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
5. Amyema biniflora
   • Autoparasitic seedlings. Queensland, Australia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Three leaves of the mistletoe (left) compared with two leaves of the host Eucalyptus (right) demonstrating mimicry. Queensland, Australia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
6. Amyema cambagei
   • Mistletoe parasitic on Casuarina. This species is such a good mimic it is often difficult to see in the host tree! Queensland, Australia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Inflorescence. Queensland, Australia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
7. Amyema celebica
   • Inflorescence. Cuernos de Negros, Negros Oriental Province, Negros Island, Philippines. 9.2500 N, 123.1833 E. Photo by Leonard Co.
8. Amyema congener
   • Inflorescence. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Inflorescence. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
9. Amyema conspicua
   
   • Plant with flower buds, and flowers open. (DLN 2814). Parasitic on Flindersia acuminata. Lake Eacham, at concession/beach area, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Dan Nickrent.
10. Amyema dilatipes
    
    • Photo1 and closer view, taken on Mt. Kergomia in 1971.  From an unidentified slide archived at the LAE herbarium, Papua New Guinea.
11. Amyema fasciculata
    
    • Shoot with ternate leaves. Mistletoe parasitic on Bischofia javanica. Mt. Silanganan, Bataan, Luzon Island, Philippines. Photo December 2009 by Ulysses Ferreras.
    • Flowering shoot and close-up of flower apex. Note the simple umbel of four flowers, sometimes arising from the internodes, dilated nodes, tomentose floral parts, and four-merous corolla. Danser (1935) and Barlow (1992) give the flower color as red or yellow below and green above, but those shown here are clearly orange. Information same as above.
12. Amyema finisterrae
    
    • Shoot showing the single flowered inflorescence. Gumi logging area, Papua New Guinea. Photo by D. L. Nickrent (DLN 4493).
    • Flowering shoot. Along road to Oiwa, Papua New Guinea. Note the distinctly bifacial leaves, whitish beneath and glossy green above. Photo by Dan Nickrent (DLN 4497).
13. Amyema fitzgeraldi
    • Habit of mistletoe. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Flowering branches. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
14. Amyema friesiana
    • Very robust fruiting plant collected from Homalanthus (Euphorbiceae), being held by Timbi Pop. Morobe District. Along road to Gumi. 5361 ft (1633 m) elev. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Immature inflorescence. Morobe District. Gumi logging area. 5849 ft (1782 m) elev. Parasitic on Meliaceae. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
15. Amyema gibberulum
    • Photo. West MacDonnell National Park, Central Australia. Photo by Michael and Karen. Link goes to Flickr.
16. Amyema incarnatiflora
    • Inflorescence. Sierra Madre Mtn Range, alt. 1075 m, Cagayan province, Luzon Island, Philippines. Voucher 5576 and photo by Leonardo L. Co
17. Amyema mackayensis
    • Mistletoe parasitic on Avicennia marina. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Vegetative plant showing round leaves. Parasitic on Avicennia marina. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
18. Amyema miquelii
    • Close-up of flowers. Queensland, Australia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
19. Amyema miraculosum
    • Photo. New South Wales, Australia. Photo by Jardin Lautaret (Station Alpine Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France). Link goes to Flickr.
20. Amyema pendulum
    • The famous loranthologist, Dr. Bryan Barlow, showing the size of the mistletoe infection. Tidbinbilla N. R., ACT, Australia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Massive infection. Tidbinbilla N. R., ACT, Australia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Flowers. Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Section through the stem of the mistletoe. Eastern Australia. Photo by David W. Watson.
    • Photos. Flowering shoots. Urrbrae, Adelaide, Australia. Photos by Ian Riley. Link goes to Flickr.
21. Amyema preissii
    • Fruiting plant on Acacia. Western Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
22. Amyema quandong
    • Photos. Many photos of the mistletoe. Goulburn River National Park, New South Wales. Photo by Tony from Sydney. Link goes to Flickr.
23. Amyema quaternifolium
    • Habit of mistletoe. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Close-up of flowers. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
24. Amyema queenslandica
    • Inflorescence. Plant parasitic on Cryptocarya (Lauraceae). Gumi logging area, Morobe District, Papua New Guinea. 6000 ft (1828 m) elev. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Infructescence - an umbel of triads. Queensland, Australia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
25. Amyema rigidiflora
    • Inflorescence. W of Wagau Village, Morobe District, Papua New Guinea. 4452 ft (1356 m) elev. Parasitic on Castanopsis. Photo. by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Fruiting shoots.  Kavieng, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea.  Photo by G. Glatzel August 2005.
    • Fruits showing ants tending aphids.  Kavieng, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea.  Photo by G. Glatzel August 2005.
    • Close-up of fruits.  Kavieng, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea.  Photo by G. Glatzel August 2005.
26. Amyema sanguinea
    • Plant parasitic by means of massive haustoria on Eucalyptus. Queensland, Australia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Flowers and close-up. Croydon, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Photo. Parasitic on Corymbia. Northern Territory, Timber Creek, a small settlement on the Victoria Highway 150 km from W.A. border. Photo by Tony from Sydney. Link goes to Flickr.
27. Amyema scandens
    • Mistletoe showing umbellate inflorescence arising from the epicortical stem. New Caledonia. Photo by Lytton J. Musselman.
    • Mistletoe with young inflorescences. Note size of haustorial connections. New Caledonia. Photo by Lytton J. Musselman.
    • Inflorescences. Dzumac, New Caledonia. Photo by Sarah Mathews.
    • Detached plant. Dzumac, New Caledonia. Photo by Sarah Mathews.
    • Inflorescence. Parc Provincial de la  Riviere Bleue, New Caledonia. Photo 22 Nov. 2007 by C. Davidson (coll. J. Munzinger 4909). From FloraoftheWorld.org.
28. Amyema seemeniana.
    
    • Flowering shoots and close-up of flowers. Morobe District, Lae, UNITECH campus, Papua New Guinea. Photo by D. L. Nickrent (DLN 4463).
29. Amyema squarrosa
    
    • Fruiting shoots and close-up of fruits.  Kavieng, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea.  Photo by G. Glatzel August 2005.
30. Amyema urdanetensis
    
    • Inflorescence and young fruits. Mt. Hamiguitan, Davao Oriental Province, Mindanao Island, Philippines.  6.7333 N, 126.1833 E.. Photo by Leonard Co.
    • Photos. Mt. Hamiguitan, Davao Oriental Province, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Photo by David Tees and Melanie Schori. Link goes to Flickr.
      
31. Amyema wichmannii ssp. pura
    • Inflorescence.  Note the sessile central flower of the triad and the presence of six rays in the umbel.  Near Keglsugl, Papua New Guinea.  Photo 2006 by Mark and Peggy Faucher.

Amylotheca

1. Amylotheca dictyophleba
   • Habit. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Inflorescences and fruit. Queensland, Australia. City of Atherton. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Flowers. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Haustoria. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Flowers. Link goes to the Australian National Botanic Garden Photo Collection.
   • Photos. Mistletoe in flower and fruit. New South Wales, Australia. Photos by Bellingen1. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Photos. Flowers and fruits. Mistletoe on coastal trees at Manning Point,near Harrington, Australia. Photo by Black Diamond Images. Link goes to Flickr.
2. Amylotheca insularum
   
   • Flowering shoot.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
   • Flowering shoots on press.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
3. Amylotheca subumbellata
   • Mistletoe parasitic on Rhodamnia trineura (Myrtaceae). Paluma Range just north of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Greg Calvert.
     

Atkinsonia

1. Atkinsonia ligustrina
   • Habit of plant growing beside a large outcrop. Blue Mountains National Park (near Woodford). Photo by David Watson.
   • Close-up of leaves. Blue Mountains National Park (near Woodford). Photo by David Watson.
   • Inflorescence. Blue Mountains National Park (near Woodford). Photo by David Watson.
   • Flowers. Note the color change from yellow, to orange, to nearly red as the flowers mature. Blue Mountains National Park (near Woodford). Photo by David Watson.
   • Flowers close-up. Blue Mountains National Park (near Woodford). Photo by David Watson.
   • Herbarium sheet from MO showing plant in fruit. Blue Mts., Australia. Photo by D. Nickrent

Bakerella

1. Bakerella clavata
   • Flowers. Madagascar. A. Gentry (no. 11616). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
   • Flowering plant. Alekamisy, Madagascar. Photo by Kazuo Yamasaki (see his image gallery HERE).
   • Flowering shoot and flower close-up. Prov Fianar Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.  Photo 10 Jan. 2006 by C. Davidson (coll. R. Ranaivojaona 1295). From FloraoftheWorld.org.
2. Bakerella clavata var. amplifolia
   
   • Habit of vegetative plant. Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
   • Leaves.  Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
   • Haustorial connection.  Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
   • Connection showing epicortical roots.  Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
   • Closer view of epicortical roots.  Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
   • Flowering shoot, collected specimen.  Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
   • Inflorescence. Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
   • Open flower.  Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
   • Habit of plant in host tree.  Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
   • Fruits with ant. Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
3. Bakerella clavata var. lenticellata
   
   • Flowering shoot, collected specimen.  Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
   • Flowers. Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
   • Flowers, closer up.  Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
4. Bakerella hoyifolia var. hoyifolia
   
   • Flowering shoots.  Manalo, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
   • Flowers.  Manalo, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
5. Bakerella poissonii ssp. poissonii
   
   • Flowering shoot, collected specimen.  Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
   • Flowering shoot, closer view.  Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
   • Flowering shoot, open flowers.  Tongoalahy BL, Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar.  Photo by M. Irwin Nov. 2005.
6. Bakerella sp.
   • Plant. Madagascar. A. Gentry (no. 52315). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
7. Bakerella sp.
   • Whole plant in hand. Madagascar. Photo by D. Wiens.
8. Bakerella sp.
   • Flowers. Madagascar. Photo by D. Wiens.

Barathranthus

1. Barathranthus axanthus
   • Flowering shoot. Note tiny unisexual flowers arising from a cushion-like inflorescence. Parasitic on Pleiocarpidia capituligera (Rubiaceae). Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.

Benthamina

1. Benthamina alyxifolia
   • Habit of the mistletoe in the host tree. Mt. Glorious, near Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Closer view of the mistletoe with flower buds. Same as above.
   • Close-up of the flower. Same as above.

Berhautia

1. Berhautia senegalensis
   • Flowering shoots. Gambia, vicinity of Bureng. Photo by Michael Jones (Newman College, Birmingham, UK).

Cecarria

1. Cecarria obtusifolia
   • Habit of plant in flower. TR14 parish of Kestevene, Leo Creek Road, Cape York, Queensland, Australia. 420 m elev. 27-Nov -1991. Photo by Bruce Gray [B. Gray 5354].
   • Close-up of flowers from above image. Photo by Bruce Gray.

Cladocolea

1. Cladocolea glauca
   • Photo of type specimen (herbarium sheet; Arsene 1749). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
2. Cladocolea micrantha
   • Branch with young fruits. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
   • Close-up of leaves. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
   • Flowers. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
3. Cladocolea archeri
   • Plant fruits. The rose red fruits later become blue with a greyish bloom. See discussion in Kuijt (1975) about similarity of this species and Struthanthus polystachyus. Ecuador.  From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 8224. Photo by Robin Foster
4. Cladocolea pringlei
   • Photo of type specimen (herbarium sheet; Pringle 4697). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
5. Cladocolea sp.
   • Plant with pink fruits. Ecuador.  From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 20369. Photo by Heike Betz.

Cyne (including Tetradyas) 

1. Cyne banahaensis (not C. capitulifera as originally identified)
   • Herbarium specimen of plant from the Philippines. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Same as above, close-up of inflorescence. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
2. Cyne sp.
   
   • 1, 2, and 3 views of fruits. Palaui Island, Cagayan Province, Philippines. 18.5500 N, 122.1333 N. Photos by Ulysses F. Ferreras.

Dactyliophora

1. Dactyliophora novae-guineae
   • Photo. Queensland. Photo by Bernie Hyland from "Exploring the World of Mistletoes", Australian National Botanic Gardens.
   • Herbarium specimen of plant from New Guinea. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Same as above, close-up of inflorescences. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.

Decaisnina

1. Decaisnina brittenii
   • Flower buds and fruits (note white stripes). South of Mareeba, Queensland, Australia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Flowers. Queensland, Australia. North of Tolga along the Kennedy Highway, on N side of the Rocky Creek. Parasitic on Lophostemon suaveolens. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
2. Decaisnina congesta
   
   • Mistletoe. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Flowering shoots. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
3. Decaisnina cumingii
   
   • Leaves, young inflorescence, fruits. Mt. Magdiwata, San Francisco Municipality, Agusan del Sur Province, Northern Mindanao Region, Philippines. Photo March 2009 by Ulysses Ferrera.
   • Leaves, hand for scale, close-up of flowers.  Parasitic on Oreocnide (Villebrunea) rubescens (Urticaceae) at 1,187 m, Aspac, Tablu Barangay, Tampakan Municipality, South Cotabato Province, Southern Mindanao Region, Philippines. Photo October 2009 by Ulysses Ferrera.
4. Decaisnina forsteriana
   
   • Inflorescence.  This species is found in the Solomon Islands, Fiji, Tonga, Samoa, Cook Islands, Tahiti and Marquesas Islands. Photo by Tim Motley.
5. Decaisnina hollrungii
   • Inflorescences. Morobe District, Finschhafen Subdistrict, Nanduo Village, Papua New Guinea. 3285 ft (1001 m) elev. Parasitic on Syzygium. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
6. Decaisnina cf. miniata
   
   • Plant with flower buds. Taganito, Surigao Province, Mindanao, Philippines. The flowers of this one come close to the description of D. miniata, except for the apex which here is purple instead of pale brown-grey (murinus). Also, it is difficult to see if the leaves are bifacial (two sides different). Some of the leaves look sessile with a cordate base but others are petiolate with a cuneate base.  Is it possible this is a hybrid between D. miniata and D. cumingii or is the range of variation in these species not fully documented? Photo 21 June 2008 by Noel Labutap. 
7. Decaisnina signata
   • Habit of plant, parasitizing Buchanania obovata (Anacardiaceae).  Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Greg Calvert.
   • Close-up of flowers.  Same as above.  Photo by Greg Calvert.
   • Inflorescence. Kakadu National Park, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photos. Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Jaap Cost Budde. Link goes to Flickr.
8. Decaisnina zollingeri
   
   • Habit of Dendrophthoe parasitic on Mangifera indica (mango).  The Decaisnina is epiparasitic upon this other loranth. Note the Dendrophthoe has scattered, alternate leaves with long petioles. Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Photo October 2008 by Sybout Porte.
   • Haustorial connection of Dendrophthoe to host branch (mango, Mangifera).  Same as above. Photo by Sybout Porte.
   • Flowers and young fruits of Decaisnina. Note the opposite leaves and short petioles. Same as above. Photo by Sybout Porte.
9. Decaisnina triflora
   
   • Inflorescence and close-up of flowers; mistletoe collected from downed tree (DLN 4491), Gumi logging area, Papua New Guinea. Photo by Dan Nickrent.
10. Decaisnina sp.
    • Mistletoe. New Guinea. Photo Feb. 1973 by D. Wiens.

Dendropemon

1. Dendropemon emarginatus
   • Mistletoe parasitic on Ximenia americana, a root parasite in Olacaceae! This is an example of hyperparasitism. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
2. Dendropemon haitiensis
   
   • Habit of plant with fruits.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
3. Dendropemon sp.
   • Germinating seedling showing the sticky, viscin-covered endosperm and the bicotyledonary embryo with radicle. Photo by D. L. Nickrent [DLN 2172].
   • Close-up of seed showing endosperm and protruding cotyledons, hypocotyl and radicle. Photo by K. Robertson [DLN 2172].

Dendrophthoe

1. Dendrophthoe cf. carinata
   
   • Habit of mistletoe with young growth occurring to the left (parasitic on Vitex quinata). Inflorescence showing nearly mature floral buds with capitate ends. Fully open flowers. Closer view of the flowers showing the carinate corolla lobes. Flower buds (ca. 4 cm long) showing the calyculus.  This species is recorded in Danser (1931) only from W Java.  Is this the same species or a new one? Near Environmental Education Centre (PPLH Puntondo), ca. 70 km south of Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.  Photo by Sybout Porte.
2. Dendrophthoe clementis
   • Leaves. Parasitic on Pterocarpus indicus. Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte, Luzon Island, Philippines. Photo February 9, 2009 by Ulysses Ferreras.
   • Flowering shoot with buds and fully open flowers. Information as above.
   • Young fruits. Information as above.
3. Dendrophthoe curvata
   • Mistletoe parasitic on Punica granatum. Queensland, Australia.Photo by D. L. Nickrent [DLN 2787].
   • Inflorescences. Queensland, Australia. Near Yungaburra, just SW of junction between A-Y 13 and road to Curtain Fig tree. Photo by D. L. Nickrent [DLN 4446].
   • Same as above, close-up of flowers. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Note flowers have a distinctive white bloom. Along Markham Point Road E of Oomsis, Morobe District. 347 ft (105 m) elev. Photo. by D. L. Nickrent [DLN 4460].
   • Seeds deposited on host plant ( Tristania or Tristaniopsis, Myrtaceae). Padang Kerangas along Lintang trail, Bako National Park, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent [DLN 4021].
   • Young seedling. Parasitic on Tristania [or Tristaniopsis?] (Myrtaceae). Padang Kerangas along Lintang trail, Bako National Park, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent [DLN 4021].
4. Dendrophthoe falcata
   • Plant parasitic on Annona squamosa. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Photos. White corolla variant of this species. India. Photos by Dinesh Valke. Link goes to Flickr.
5. Dendrophthoe glabrescens
   • Flowering shoots. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
6. Dendrophthoe grandifrons
   • Inflorescences. Peninsular Malaysia. Photo by E. Soepadmo (Nature Malesiana, 1978, 3:24-31).
   • Photo. Inflorescence. G. Berinchang, peninsular Malaysia. Photo by Art Vogel. Link goes to Picasa web albums.
7. Dendrophthoe homoplastica
   • Inflorescence. Parasitic on a silver wattle (Acacia holosericea) on the campus of James Cook University in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Greg Calvert.
8. Dendrophthoe ligulata
   • Flowering shoots, closer view of flowers. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
9. Dendrophthoe longiflora
   
   • Red form of flowers close-up. Sri Lanka, Dry Zone. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Pink form of flowers, photo1, photo2. Sri Lanka, Dry Zone. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Yellow form, flowering shoot, flowers close-up. Sri Lanka, Dry Zone. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
10. Dendrophthoe mearnsii
    
    • 1 and 2 views of flowering shoot. Barangay Mangga, Penablanca municipality, Cagayan prov., Luzon Island, Philippines. This is within the Peñablanca Protected Landscape and Seascape (PPLS), a newly established protected area. 17 37.983 N, 121 51.747 E. Photos by Leonard Co.
    • Habit of flowering shoot and inflorescence closer. Barangay Lapi, jump-off point to Mt. Cetaceo (near Peñablanca), Cagayan Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. 17.7166 N, 121.8833 E. Photos by Leonard Co.
    • Inflorescence and leaves. Barangay Mangga, Penablanca municipality, Cagayan prov., Luzon Island, Philippines. This is within the newly established Peñablanca Protected Landscape and Seascape. 17 37.983 N, 121 51.747 E. Photos by Ulysses F. Ferreras.
11. Dendrophthoe nilgherrensis.
    • Flowers. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Fruits and haustorial connection. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
12. Dendrophthoe odontocalyx
    
    • Flower buds not quite mature.  Kavieng, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea.  Photo by G. Glatzel August 2005.
13.  Dendrophthoe pelagica
    
    • Mistletoe (Wiens 4885) parasitic on Rhizophora. Makay, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Del Wiens.
14. Dendrophthoe pentandra
    • Photos. Parasitic on Syzygium aequem, in Putrajaya Wetlands, Malaysia. Photos by Kamarundin Mat-Salleh. Link goes to Flickr.
    • Photos. Bát Xát, Lào Cai, Vietnam. Photos by Ductrongeb. Link goes to Flickr.
    • Flowering shoot. Peninsular Malaysia. Photo by E. Soepadmo (Nature Malesiana, 1978, 3:24-31).
    • Close-up of flowers. Peninsular Malaysia. Photo by E. Soepadmo (Nature Malesiana, 1978, 3:24-31).
    • Flowering shoots. Southern Thailand. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
15. Dendrophthoe recurvata
    • Mistletoe on host. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Dendrophthoe recurvata. Inflorescence. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
16. Dendrophthoe suborbicularis
    • Flowering shoots. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
17. Dendrophthoe vitellina
    • Inflorescence. Queensland, Australia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent [DLN 2793].
    • Photos. Nice series. Bray Park, Waratah, suburb of Newcastle, New South Wales. Parasitic on Grey Ironbark, Eucalyptus paniculata. Tony from Sydney. Link goes to Flickr.

Desmaria

1. Desmaria mutabilis
   • Habit of mistletoe parasitic on Nothofagus sp. Nahuelbuta National Park, Chile (ca. 100 km S of Concepcion). Photo by John W. Reynolds.
   • Same as above - close-up of inflorescence. Photo by John W. Reynolds.
   • A yellow flowered form of the species. El Porvenir, Chile. Jan. 1984. Photo by Job Kuijt.
   • Close-up of the inflorescence. El Porvenir, Chile. Jan. 1984. Photo by Job Kuijt.
   • Flowering shoot. Nahuelbuta National Park, Chile, January 2002. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Close-up of flowers. Nahuelbuta National Park, Chile, January 2002. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Flowering shoots parasitic on Nothofagus obliqua showing haustorial connections and Araucaria in background. Nahuelbuta National Park, Chile, January 2002. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Desmaria mutabilis and Misodendrum puctulatum, both parasitic on Nothofagus antarctica, showing haustorial connections. Nahuelbuta National Park, Chile, January 2002. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Image1 and image2 of haustorial connections. Nahuelbuta National Park, Chile, 2004. Photo by G. Glatzel.

Dicaeum hirundinaceum - the mistletoe bird!

1. The bird on Dendrophthoe, Australia. Note the mistletoe seed attached to the perch. Photo from David Attenborough's book "The Private Life of Plants."
2. digestive cannal and crop (left) that is highly adapted for mistletoe seeds. The tongue (right) is curled inward, an adaptation to feeding on the nectar from mistletoe flowers. Photos from Kuijt (1969).

Diplatia

1. Diplatia furcata
   • Mistletoe parasitic on Melaleuca nervosa (Myrtaceae). Two large bracts enclosing the inflorescence; the one in the front was removed to show the flowers. Queensland, Australia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
2. Diplatia tomentosa
   • Habit of plant, parasitic on Melaleuca viridiflora. Queensland, Australia. Abattoir Swamp, off Rex Range Road. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.

Distrianthes - no photos of living plant

1. Distrianthes molliflora
   • Herbarium specimen, collected by K. J. White (NGF 9524), archived at LAE. Papua New Guinea. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Same specimen as above, close-up of flowers. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.

Elytranthe - no photos of living plant

1. Elytranthe albida
   
   • Herbarium specimen of plant from Thailand. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Same as above, close-up of inflorescences. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.

Emelianthe

1. Emelianthe panganensis
   • Flowers. From Voi, Kenya. Photo taken Nov. 1988 by Del Wiens.

Englerina

1. Englerina heckmanniana
   • Photo. Kakamega forest, Kenya. Photo by Serge Aubert. Link goes to Flickr.
2. Englerina lecardii
   • Flowering shoots. Parasitic on Mitragyna inermis. Riverine forest vegetation along the White Volta river, near Diare on Tamale - Bolgatanga road, Ghana. From Virtual Field Herbarium, Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford. Photo P. Ekpe/NSBP.
3. Englerina woodfordioides
   
   • Flowering shoot.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
   • Habit of plant, flowering shoots, and fruiting shoot.  Lake Wonchi, Ethiopia. Photo Nov. 2006 by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Flowers. Kenya. The corolla colors of this specimen differ from the typical condition in the species, but see discussion of variation in this taxon in Polhill and Wiens (1998).  This is obviously not one of the other species reported for Kenya. Photo taken Nov. 1988 by Del Wiens.
   • Plant in fruit from Kenya. Photo taken Jan. 1972 by Del Wiens.

Erianthemum

1. Erianthemum dregii
   • Unopened flowers, with pollinating butterfly. Photo taken by Del Wiens.
   • Close-up of flower. Kenya. Photo by Del Wiens July 1972.
   • Haustorial connection, flowering shoot, flowers, fuzzy floral buds.  Kruger National Park, South Africa.  Photos 2004 by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Flowering shoots, flowers, flowers against sky.  Mt. Kenya, Kenya.  Photos January 2006 by Gerhard Glatzel.
2. Erianthemum ngamicum
   • Anthesis in this species is explosive. At the slightest touch, the corolla lobes snap open and the filaments coil up rapidly. This causes the anthers and enclosed pollen to be flung as far as 20 cm. The mechanism is an evolutionary adaptation to bird pollination. Photo from Visser (1981).

Gaiadendron

1. Gaiadendron punctatum
   • Habit of plant. Costa Rica. Photo by Gerrit Davidse (no. 24748). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
   • Plant in flower. Talamanca Mts., Costa Rica. Photo by Carol Gracie.
   • Inflorescence close-up. Ecuador. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 11761. Photo by Robin Foster.
   • Flowering shoots, in hand. Ecuador. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 11183. Photo by Robin Foster.
   • Several photos of inflorescences with flower buds and young fruits: 1, 2, 3. Boyaca: Venta Quemaba, Vereda Panoguiavieja,Colombia. Photos by Dennis Stevenson from PlantSystematics.org.
   • Inflorescence close-up. Costa Rica. Photo by Gerrit Davidse. Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
   • Inflorescence. Peru. Photo by A. Gentry (no. 23198). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
   • Inflorescence. Colombia. Photo by A. Gentry (no. 79151). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
   • One view of flower and another. Costa Rica. Photo by R. Vidal Russell.
   • Habit of plant in fruit. Costa Rica. Photo by R. Vidal Russell.
   • One, two and three views of the fruits. Costa Rica. Photo by R. Vidal Russell.
   • Infructescences. Perú. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 17766 . Photo by Robin Foster.
   • Infructescence, close-up. Perú. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 17767 . Photo by Robin Foster.
   • A series of photos from Atrium, biodiversity information systems.

Globimetula - for more photos, see Polhill & Wiens (1998) p. 209-218

1. Globimetula dinklagei
   • Flowering shoots. Gabon. Photo by Jan Wieringa.
   • Close-up of flowers. Gabon. Photo by Jan Wieringa.
2. Globimetula mweroensis
   • Inflorescences and flower buds. Cleveland Dam, Zimbabwe. From Flora of Zimbabwe. Photo by Bart Wursten.

Helicanthes

1. Helicanthes elastica
   • Photos 1 and 2 of a flowering shoot.  Note the wide separation of the stigma and anthers, thus showing approach herkogamy. Anshi National Park, Karnataka, India. Photos by Sachin A. Punekar.
   • Herbarium specimen, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.

Helixanthera

1. Helixanthera cylindrica
   • Flowering branches. Peninsular Malaysia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Inflorescence. Peninsular Malaysia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
2. Helixanthera hookeriana
   • Flowering shoots. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Close-up of flowers and young fruits. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
3. Helixanthera ligustrina
   • Habit of plant parasitizing Rhododendron arboreum. Kathmandu Valley, 1450 m elevation. Photo by Mohan Devkota, April 1995.
   • Plant with flowers and fruits. Kathmandu Valley, 1450 m elevation. Photo by Mohan Devkota, May 1995.
   • Yellow flowered form. Nepal. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
4. Helixanthera mannii
   
   • Mistletoe in full flower.   near the town of Saa (ca. 100 km north of Yaoundé), Cameroon. Photo taken 28 July 2007 by Antoine Legrand.
5. Helixanthera parasitica
   • Close-up of flowers and young fruits. Parasitic on Nephelium lapaceum (Sapindaceae). Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Flowering shoot.  Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma. 
   • Inflorescences. Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma. 
   • Open flowers, buds, and young fruits on inflorescences. Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma. 
   • Close-up of open flower. Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma.
   • Photos. Tà Phin, Sa Pa, Lào Cai, Vietnam. Photo by Ductrongeb. Link goes to Flickr.
   • Flowering shoot, inflorescence, and flower close-up. Parasitic on a lianous Bauhinia in a residual forest, Pagnabuhan, Municipality of Palauig, Province of Zambales, Luzon Island, Philippines. Photos April 2009 by Ulysses Ferreras.
6. Helixanthera sessiliflora
   
   • Flowering shoot. Mt Palali, Quezon municipality, Nueva Vizcaya Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. 16.4333 N, 121.2166 E. Photo by Leonard Co.
   • 1, 2, 3 views of the inflorescences. Barangay Lapi, jump-off point to Mt. Cetaceo, Cagayan Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. 17.7166 N, 121.8833 E. Photo by Leonard Co.
   • Fruits. Barangay Catalangan, San Mariano, Isabela prov., Luzon Island, Philippines. Ca 16 59.761’N, 122 07.242’E. Photo by Leonard Co.
7. Helixanthera wallichiana
   • Habit of mistletoe in flower. Silent Valley National Park, Southwestern Ghats, Kerala State, India. Photo by K. A. Subramanian.
   • Close-up of the four-merous flowers.  Silent Valley National Park, Southwestern Ghats, Kerala State, India. Photo by Giby Kuriakose.

Ileostylus

1. Ileostylus micranthus
   
   • Flowering shoots. New Zealand. Photo by David Norton.
   • Close-up of flowers.  Photo from Mistletoe Reproductive Biology web pages, University of Canterbury, by Dave Kelly.
   • Plant in fruit.  Photo from Mistletoe Reproductive Biology web pages, University of Canterbury, by Dave Kelly.
   • Fruiting plant. New Zealand. Photo by D. Wiens, Feb. 1973.
   • Close-up of infructescence. New Zealand. Photo by D. Wiens, Feb. 1973.
   • Plant with young infructescences developing. New Zealand. Photo by D. Wiens, Feb. 1973.
   • Plate 1 of four images from the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. A. flowering shoots (Nick Singers); B. habit of mistletoe, Taiharuru, Kennedy Bay (John Smith-Dodsworth); C. flowers, Bartons Bush, Trentham (Jeremy Rolfe); D. close view of flowers, Taiharuru, Kennedy Bay (John Smith-Dodsworth).
   • Plate 2 of three images from the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. A. inflorescences, Bartons Bush, Trentham (Jeremy Rolfe); B. closer view of flowers, Bartons Bush, Trentham (Jeremy Rolfe); C. fruits, Miranda (John Smith-Dodsworth).

Ixocactus

1. Ixocactus sp.
   • Mistletoe in vegetative state - which really resembles a Christmas cactus, Schlumbergera! W. of Cali, Colombia. April 1984. Photo by Job Kuijt.

Lampas

1. Lampas elmeri
   
   • Inflorescence.  The swollen portion to the left of the flowers is the primary haustorium connection to the host.  Bagahak, Lahad Datu, northern Borneo, Malaysia. Photo by J. Dransfield.

Lepidaria

1. Lepidaria malaiana
   
   • Inflorescence with open flowers.  Note the four flowers per head, the actinomorphic flowers, and the flowers and bracts that are red and pink.  Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, Malaysia.  Photo by J. Dransfield.
2. Lepidaria pulchella
   
   • Flowering shoots. Note detached capitate inflorescence. Parasitic on Timonius lasianthoides (Rubiaceae). Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
3. Lepidaria quadriflora
   
   • 1, 2, 3, 4 views of inflorescences and infructescence. Mt Santo Tomas, alt. 2000m, Tuba municipality, Benguet prov., Luzon Island, Philippines. 16 20.597 N, 120 33.394 E. Photo by Leonard Co.
4. Lepidaria sabaensis
   
   • Flowering shoot. Note the 4-flowered head with flowers less than 50 mm long, leaves with acute tips, and the yellow corolla with lobes about the same length as the tube. This species can also have red flowers. Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. Photograph by Hotta Mitsuru, published in "World of Plants" article by Mitsuru Hirota (Weekly Asahihyakka, Jan. 22, 1995).

Lepeostegeres

1. Lepeostegeres deciduus
   
   • Herbarium sample. Eastern Highlands District, north slopes of Mt. Michael, 2000 m elev. Collected by L. J. Brass (no. 31146), 22 Aug. 1959.
   • Herbarium sample, close-up.  Near Perosa, 18 miles southwest of Okapa, 5000 ft. elev. Coll. by Thomas G. Hartley (no. 13198), 30 Sept. 1964.
2. Lepeostegeres lancifolius
   • Large, capitate inflorescence containing flower buds. Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo by Yii Puan Ching [S72091].

Ligaria

1. Ligaria cuneifolia
   • Habit of the mistletoe.  An especially robust specimen, growing on Prosopis alba.  Tafí del Valle, Tucumán, Argentina. Photo by Alfredo Grau.
   • Mistletoe. Prov. Mendoza, Argentina. Photo2 May, 1979 by J. Kuijt.
   • Flowering plant parasitic on Prosopis. Near Los Andes, Chile. March 2003. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Close-up of flowers. Plant parasitic on Acacia caven. Ovalle, Chile. March 2003. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Fruits. Mendoza, Argentina.  Photo by G. Amico.
   • Seedlings.  Photo by Wilfredo Gonzáles Lozada.

Loranthus

1. Loranthus delavayi
   
   • Plant in flower.  Taiwan.  Photo by Jer-Ming Hu.
2. Loranthus europaeus
   • Color illustration of the plant. Link goes to site of Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thomé.
   • The following photographs of L. europaeus were taken by Gerhard Glatzel in and around Vienna, Austria. They show that the plant is actually polygamous, with populations containing individuals with male, female and bisexual flowers.
   • Bisexual Plants. Portion of inflorescence. One view and another of flowers.
   • Female Plants. Inflorescence. Flower in side view and face view.
   • Male Plants. Inflorescence. Flower in side view and face view.
   • Fruiting Plants. Plant with immature fruits. Mature fruits.
3. Loranthus kaoi
   • Photos. This mistletoe is hyperparasitic on Taxillus rhododendricolius. Taiwan. Photo by Mingiweng. Link goes to Flickr.
4. Loranthus odoratus
   • Plant in flower; on Quercus semicarpifolia. Paro Valley, Bhutan. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Plant in fruit. Nepal. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.

Loxanthera

1. Loxanthera speciosa
   • Flowering shoots. Between Bako and Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.

Lysiana

1. Lysiana exocarpi
   • Flowers and fruits. Parasitic on Melaleuca sp. (Myrtaceae). Queensland, Australia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • 1, 2, 3 nice photos of this species from Victoria, Australia. Photos by Meredith Cosgrove from PlantSystematics.org.
2. Lysiana filifolia
   • Flowers and fruits. Parasitic on (and mimicing) Casuarina cunninghamii. Silver Valley Road near Herberton, Queensland, Australia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
3. Lysiana maritima
   • Flowering shoots. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Close-up of flowers. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Aaron Liston.
4. Lysiana spathulata
   • Flowering shoots. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
5. Lysiana subfalcata
   • Shoots of the yellow flowering form. Queensland, Australia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Flowers of the yellow form. North of Esperance, Australia. Photo by D. Wiens, Oct. 1972.
   • Plant with red flowers, also bearing fruits. Pebble Beach, N of Cairns along Captain Cook Highway, Queensland, Australia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.

Macrosolen

1. Macrosolen albicaulis
   • Flowering shoot. Parasitic on Ficus. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
2. Macrosolen barlowii
   • Flowers. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
3. Macrosolen bibracteolatus
   
   • Photos.  Bàn Khoan, Sa Pa, Lào Cai, Vietnam. Photos by Ductrongeb. Link goes to Flickr.
4. Macrosolen capitellatus
   • Flowers; another shot closer up. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
5. Macrosolen cochinchinensis. Note variation in flower morphology in various photos below.
   • Flowering shoot.  Tarutao National Park, Southern Thailand.  Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Flowering shoot. Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma. 
   • Inflorescence. Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma. 
   • Flowers and young fruits. Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma. 
   • Mature fruits.  Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma.
   • Flowering branches.  Lake Manguao, Taytay municipality, Palawan Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. 10.7500 N, 119.5333 E. Photo by Leonard Co.
6. Macrosolen crassus
   • Large, bird-pollinated flowers. Parasitic on Calophyllum nodosum (Guttiferae). Sarawak, MalaysiaFlowers 10 cm long! Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
7. Macrosolen cf. formosus
   • Inflorescence of large red-orange flowers. As described by Danser (1931), M. formosus is present on the Malay peninsula, Sumatra, and Java (not recorded at the time from Borneo).  The flower morphology (corolla length, abrupt curve above the calyx) suggests this species as does the flower color: "the corolla is scarlet in different intensity up to the wings, above this part with a golden-yellow portion or not, the neck and margins of the lobes black, the sides of the lobes grayish green, or whitish in the lower part" (Danser 1931).  Borneo, Sarawak, Malaysia.  Photo by Yii Puan Ching [S72080].
   • Photo. Compare this photo with the above. Mt. Tambuyukon, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. Photo by Ravi Mandalam. From Mt. Kinabalu Borneo.com.
8. Macrosolen geminatus
   • Flowers and fruits,  close-up of flower, and haustorial connection to host.  Long Island Creek Road, just SW of Bulolo, Morobe District, Papua New Guinea. 2548 ft (776 m) elev. Parasitic on Canarium (Burseraceae). Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
9. Macrosolen cf. macrophyllus
   • Autoparasitic seedling. Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Inflorescence. Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
10. Macrosolen melintangensis
    • Flowering shoot and closer view of flower. Parasitic on Pternandra coerulescens (Melastomataceae) Bako National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo). Photo by Normunds Prieditis.
    • Fruit.  Same loc. as above. Photo by Normunds Prieditis.
    • Flowering shoot. Possibly this species. Peninsular Malaysia. Photo by E. Soepadmo (Nature Malesiana, 1978, 3:24-31).
11. Macrosolen parasiticus
    • Flowering shoot. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Photo 1 and photo 2 of flowers. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
12. Macrosolen platyphyllus
    • Close-up of flowers. The "plant of the month" for November, 2004! BKF Forest Herbarium, Thailand. Photo by M. Poopath (Narathiwat).
    • Massive flower! Malaysia. Photo by Katsu on this Chinese web site.
    • One and a closer view of the flowers. Note the leaf margin has been damaged from herbivory. Thailand, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Na Bon, Nam Tok Yong National Park, Khao Maen (Williams 1269). Photo by Kyle Williams.
    • Fruits, with aphids on the pedicel. Thailand, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Na Bon, Nam Tok Yong National Park, Khao Maen (Williams 1269). Photo by Kyle Williams.
13. Macrosolen tricolor
    
    • Photos.  Vietnam. Photos by Ductrongeb. Link goes to Flickr
14. Macrosolen sp. (cf. M. flammeus, M. nobilis, and M. splendidus)
    • Habit of the mistletoe in flower.  Mulu World Heritage Park, Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo taken March 2007 by Peter Maxwell.
    • Photo1 and photo2 of the mistletoe inflorescence.  Mulu World Heritage Park, Sarawak, Malaysia. Photos taken March 2007 by Eric Hunt.

Moquiniella - for more photos, see Polhill & Wiens (1998) p. 207-208.

1. Moquiniella rubra
   • Flowers. Near Worcester, South Africa. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
   • Fruit. Namaqualand, S. Africa. Photo Nov. 1988 by D. Wiens.

Muellerina

1. Muellerina celastroides
   • Flowering shoots. Australia. From the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Photo by Nick Reid.
   • Photo. Flower of the Coast Mistletoe, foodplant for the Dark Purple Azure butterfly (Ogyris abrota). Toowoomba, Australia. Photo Jan 2008 by Steve Petrovich. Link goes to Flickr.
2. Muellerina eucalyptoides
   • Flowering shoots.The host plant for the dark-purple Azure butterfly. Photo from a website on South Australian butterflies by R. Grund.
   • Closer view of flowers. Near Zigzag track, Morwell National Park, Victoria, Australia. Photo by Kennedy Harris.
   • Habit of the plant on a Eucalyptus blakelyi. Near Mandurama in the central west of NSW, Australia. Photo by Dave Watson.
   • Attachment to the host branch.  Near Mandurama in the central west of NSW, Australia. Photo by Dave Watson.
   • Haustorial connections to host. Near Mandurama in the central west of NSW, Australia. Photo by Dave Watson.
   • Flowers. Near Mandurama in the central west of NSW, Australia. Photo by Dave Watson.
   • Photo. National Barrington Tops Park, Australia. Photo by Jardin Lautaret (Station Alpine Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France). Link goes to Flickr.

Notanthera

1. Notanthera heterophylla
   • Habit of flowering plant with Bombus pollinator. Near Queles National Forest, Chile. February 2003. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Close-up of flowers. Near Queles National Forest, Chile. February 2003. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Close-up of flowers. Near Queles National Forest, Chile. February 2003. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Mistletoe with floral buds. Puyehue, Chile. Photo by D. Wiens, Dec. 1967.
   • Close-up of inflorescence. Hualpen, Chile. Jan. 1984. Photo by Job Kuijt.
   • Epicortical roots. Hualpen, Chile. Jan. 1984. Photo by Job Kuijt.
   • Fruits. Concepción, Chile. 25 April, 1979. Photo by Job Kuijt.

Nuytsia

1. Nuytsia floribunda
   • Habit of the Western Australian Christmas Tree - a root parasite. Western Australia. Photo by Dennis Stevenson.
   • Habit of trees in flower.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
   • Habit of tree. Link goes to the Australian National Botanic Garden Photo Collection.
   • Inflorescences. Western Australia. Photo by Del Wiens Jan. 1979.
   • Inflorescences. Western Australia. Photo by Dennis Stevenson
   • Flowering branch. Link goes to the Australian National Botanic Garden Photo Collection.
   • Close-up of flowers. Western Australia. Photo by Dennis Stevenson.
   • Photos. Several good ones of the Western Australian Christmas tree. Cape Le Grand National Park near Esperance, Western Australia. Photo by Yurek Kulski. Link goes to Flickr.

Oedina

1. Oedina pendans
   • Inflorescence. Tanzania. Photo by Del Wiens.

Oncella - for photos, see Polhill & Wiens (1998) pp. 232-233.

Oncocalyx

1. Oncocalyx bolusii
   • Flower. Near Messina (NW of Kruger National Park), South Africa. Photo taken Nov. 1988 by D. Wiens.
2. Oncocalyx welwitschii
   • Habit of plant parasitizing Acacia. Namutoni, Namibia. Photo 2 March 2003 by L. J. Musselman.
   • Close-up of flowers. Namutoni, Namibia. Photo 2 March 2003 by L. J. Musselman
3. Oncocalyx cf. ugogensis
   • Flower buds (the rare red and yellow form). Kenya. Photo July 1972 by D. Wiens .
4. Oncocalyx ugogensis
   • Fruits. Kenya. Photo July 1972 by D. Wiens.

Oryctanthus

1. Oryctanthus alveolatus
   • Close-up of flowers in a terminal inflorescence. Solimões (Amazon) River near Manaus, Brazil. Photo by Carol Gracie.
   • Plant with terminal inflorescences.  Note the flowers are inclined forward. Ecuador. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 21652. Photo by Robin Foster.
   • Plant with inflorescences. Note the flowers are inclined forward, typical of this species. Perú. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 15788. Photo by Robin Foster.
2. Oryctanthus cordifolius
   • Flowering branch. San Jose, Costa Rica. Photo by B. Hammel (no. 17296). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
3. Oryctanthus florulentus
   • Vegetative branch. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
   • Fruits. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
   • Plant with inflorescences. Perú. Note the furfuraceous line continuing from the stem to along the lower midrib of the leaf all the way to the apex. Note also the very short inflorescence peduncle.The fruits of this specimen are orange as opposed to bright red as shown in the above specimen from Brazil. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 22651. Photo by Robin Foster.
4. Oryctanthus occidentalis
   • Inflorescences. The inset shows the tiny flowers that are perpendicular to the axis (not inclined forward), and the flattened fruits. Parasitic on Persea americana. La Selva, Costa Rica. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Plant with flowers and fruits on spikes. Panamá. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 26400. Photo by Robin Foster.
   • Collected plant. Costa Rica, Punta Arenas: Coto Brus San Vito, Estacion Biologica Las Cruces. Photo by Josh Der, June 17, 2004.
   • A series of digital photos showing various parts of the plant (leaves, inflorescences, haustorial connections, etc.) Link goes to La Flora Digital de La Selva.
5. Oryctanthus spicatus
   • Shoots with flowers and young fruits. Perú. Note furfuraceous lines along stem. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 15173. Photo by Robin Foster.

Oryctina

1. Oryctina piranii
   • Flowering plant. Goias, Brasil. Link goes to New York Botanical Garden type image collection
2. Oryctina subaphylla
   • Flowering plant. Planalto do Brasil. Link goes to New York Botanical Garden type image collection.

Panamanthus  - no photos of living plant

1. Panamanthus panamensis
   • Photograph of type specimen (herbarium sheet, Davidson 431) [listed as Phrygilanthus panamensis]. Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.

Papuanthes  - no photos of living plant

1. Papuanthes albertisii
   • Herbarium specimen, and close-up of inflorescences. Archived at LAE, collected by Craven and Schodde (no. 1105), Morobe District, Papua New Guinea. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.

Pedistylis

1. Pedistylus galpinii.
   • Beautiful flower from plant growing on Acacia. Kruger National Park, South Africa. Photo by Marco Bleeker.
   • Color painting by Marguerite Scott, from "Flowering Plants of Africa" (1994, Vol. 53, O. A. Leistner editor, National Botanical Institute).

Peraxilla

1. Peraxilla colensoi
   • Flowering shoots. New Zealand. Photo by David Norton.
   • Flowers being pollinated by Tui bird.  Photo by Jenny Ladley, courtesy of the Mistletoe Reproductive Biology web site by Dave Kelly, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
   • Seedling of mistletoe showing holdfast attachment of primary haustorium to the host.  Photo by Dougal Holmes, courtesy of the Mistletoe Reproductive Biology web site by Dave Kelly, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
   • Plate 1 of four images from the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. A. Habit of the mistletoe (Brian Molloy); B. flowers, from west coast, South Island (Phil Knightbridge); C. closer view of flowers (David Norton); D. flowers at anthesis (Nick Singers).
   • Plate 2 of four images from the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. A. close view of flowering shoot (Brian Molloy); B. flowers (DoC); C. an old series two dollar bill showing bird pollinating Peraxilla (G.M. Crowcroft); D. fruiting shoot (Brian Molloy).
   • Mistletoe on money!  This New Zealand old series two dollar bill shows a bird pollinating a Peraxilla [note the downward orientation of the flower is incorrect].  Photo by L. J. Musselman.
2. Peraxilla tetrapetala
   • Inflorescences. New Zealand. Photo by Peter Bannister.
   • Floral buds. New Zealand. Photo by David Norton.
   • Flowers.  A beautiful photo by Dougal Holmes of the flowers at anthesis, courtesy of the Mistletoe Reproductive Biology web site by Dave Kelly, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
   • Flower being opened by the bee Leioproctus sp.  Photo courtesy of the Mistletoe Reproductive Biology web site by Dave Kelly, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
   • Flower showing the "Chinese lantern" phase of anthesis. For more on this topic, see Ladley and Kelly (1995, Nature, 378: 766).  Parasitic on Nothofagus. Photo taken in New Zealand Feb. 1973 by Del Wiens.
   • Close-up of flower from above. New Zealand Feb. 1973 by Del Wiens.
   • Plate 1 of four images from the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. A. habit of mistletoe in host tree (Cathy Jones); B. host tree with band to protect mistletoe from possoms (Nick Singers); C. Tui bird pollinating mistletoe flowers (Jenny Ladley); D. flowering shoots (John Smith-Dodsworth).
   • Plate 2 of four images from the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. A. flowers (Cathy Jones); B. flowers (John Smith-Dodsworth); C. flowers (John Smith-Dodsworth); D. fruit (Nick Singers).

Phragmanthera - for more photos, see Polhill & Wiens (1998) p. 246-273

1. Phragmanthera capitata
   • Collected specimen with yellow flowers. Gabon, Nyanga. Voucher (No. 642) and photo byWalters, Stone, Nzabi and Boumbou. Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
2. Phragmanthera macrosolen
   • Flowers. Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
3. Phragmanthera regularis
   • Flowers in "Chinese lantern" phase. Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Massive haustorial connection (early woodrose). Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Mistletoe with hyperparasitic Viscum tuberculatum. Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Habit of plant on Schinus, Flowers, with hyperparasitic Viscum tuberculatum, immature fruits. Geneta Mariam, Ethiopia. Photos January 2006 by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Floral buds, open flowers (note coiled filaments), buds and open flowers, close-up of business end of flower. Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.  Photos January 2006 by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Habit of mistletoe, mistletoe being inspected by monkeys.  On Juniperus procera, Mt. Kenya, Kenya. Photos January 2006 by Gerhard Glatzel.
4. Phragmanthera usuiensis
   
   • This species is native to eastern and central Africa, but these specimens were cultivated on Nerium oleander in the Botanische Garten der Technischen Universität Dresden. Photos 1, 2, 3, 4 by Jan De Laet on PlantSystematics.org.
5. Phragmanthera sp.
   
   • Fruiting shoots Plant was parasitic on Maytenus senegalesis. Bilisu F.R. on Tamale-Yendi road; about 1km along the E. boundary. From Virtual Field Herbarium, Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford. Photo P. Ekpe/NSBP.

Phthirusa

1. Phthirusa abdita
   • Plant with leaves and flower buds. Brazil. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 6086. Photo by Robin Foster.
2. Phthirusa pycnostachya
   • Close-up of flowers. Saül, French Guiana. Photo by Carol Gracie.
3. Phthirusa pyrifolia
   • Inflorescence and infructescence. Inset shows the tiny flowers. Parasitic on Citrus. La Selva, Costa Rica.Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Leaves and inflorescences. Los Amigos Conservation Area, Rio Los Amigos, Madre de Dios, Peru. J.P. Janovec No. 2720. Photo by John Janovec.
4. Phthirusa rufa
   • Flowering branch. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
   • Closer view of inflorescence. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
   • Inflorescence close-up with scale insects. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
   • Flower. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
5. Phthirusa stelis
   • Fruiting branch. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
   • Fruiting branch. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
   • Fruits. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
   • Flowering branch, inflorescence, flower, flower dissected, fruiting branch.  Barranquilla, Colombia. Photos by Lorena Romero.
6. Phthirusa sp. 1
   • Aerial roots. Los Amigos Conservation Area, Rio Los Amigos, Madre de Dios, Peru. J.P. Janovec No. 2721. Photo by John Janovec.
7. Phthirusa sp. 2
   • Plant with inflorescences. Ecuador. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 9903. Photo by Robin Foster.

Plicosepalus

1. Plicosepalus acaciae
   • Habit of the mistletoe on the host (Acacia). Negev desert, Israel. Photo by Thomas Rödl.
   • Epicortical roots exploring the host. Negev desert, Israel. Photo by Thomas Rödl.
   • Woodrose. Negev desert, Israel. Photo by Thomas Rödl.
   • Flower and fruits. Negev desert, Israel. Photo by Thomas Rödl.
   • Close-up of flowers. Sudan. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
   • Closer view of the fruiting mistletoe. Negev desert, Israel. Photo by Thomas Rödl.
   • Seedlings with holdfasts attaching to host. Negev desert, Israel. Photo by Thomas Rödl.
   • Flowering shoots, photos 1 and 2.  Takaze River, Simien Mountains, Ethiopia.  Photos 2006 by Gerhard Glatzel.
2. Plicosepalus amplexicaulis
   • Flowering shoot. Between Balule and Olifants in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Photo by Del Wiens, Oct. 1972.
3. Plicosepalus curviflorus
   • Close-up of flowers. Imatong Mountains, Sudan. Loranthaceae. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
4. Plicosepalus sp.
   • Close-up of flower. Africa. Photo by Del Wiens, Sept. 1976.

Psittacanthus

1. Psittacanthus angustifolius
   • Habit and leaves. Parasitic on Pinus oocarpa.  Honduras.  Photo by R. Mathiasen.
   • Inflorescence and an open flower. Honduras.  Photo by R. Mathiasen.
   • Fruits.  Honduras.  Photo by R. Mathiasen.
2. Psittacanthus calyculatus
   • One view and another of the mistletoe in the host tree, as well as the plant with flower buds in hand. Oaxaca, very close to the Chiapas border on Mexico 190. Photos August 2008 by Christopher Randle.
   • Host tree being parasitized by the mistletoe and closer view of the flowers. Common in area near Mazamitla, Jalisco, Mexico. Photo by Mihai Costea.
   • Flowering shoots. No voucher information. Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
3. Psittacanthus corynocephalus
   • Flowering branch. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
   • Inflorescence. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
   • Fruits. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
4. Psittacanthus cucularis
   • Plant with flowers. Estacion Biologica Madre Selva, Rio Orosa, Iquitos, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Dark purple fruits with contrasting red subtending cupular bracts. Estacion Biologica Madre Selva, Rio Orosa, Iquitos, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Plant with flowers. Perú. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 29072. Photo by Robin Foster.
   • Plant with flowers. Perú. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 8862. Photo by Robin Foster.
   • Habit of plant. Ecuador. Photo by D. Wiens, Mar. 1965.
5. Psittacanthus dichotomus
   • Beautiful red and yellow flowers. Tungurahua, above Baños, Ecuador. 1984. Photo by Job Kuijt.
6. Psittacanthus divaricatus
   • Red and yellow flowered forms of the mistletoe occurring on the same host. Km 44, road to Huaraz, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Close-up of red flowers. Km 44, road to Huaraz, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Inflorescence with fruits. Km 44, road to Huaraz, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Close-up of yellow flowers. Km 44, road to Huaraz, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Flowering plant, Peru. Photo by A. Gentry (no. 22523). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
7. Psittacanthus gigas
   • Flowering plant with HUGE leaves! Colombia. Photo by A. Gentry (no. 59633). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
   • Flowering plant, Colombia. Check out the size of the mistletoe leaves! Photo by A. Gentry (no. 48280). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
8. Psittacanthus hamulifer
   • Flowering plant, Colombia. Photo by A. Gentry (no. 55283). Habit of same plant. Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
9. Psittacanthus lamprophyllus
   • Plant with flowers. Perú. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 28837. Photo by Robin Foster.
10.  Psittacanthus martinicensis
    
    • Fruits. Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
11. Psittacanthus mayanus
    • Flowering shoots. Edo. de Chiapas near Mt. Ovando, Mexico. Photo by Dennis Stevenon December, 1987.
12. Psittacanthus oblongifolius
    • Flowering shoots and close-up of flowers.  Bolivia, La Paz, Sud Yungas. Voucher (12452) and photograph by James C. Solomon and L. Escobar. Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
13. Psittacanthus palmeri
    • Inflorescence of flower buds. Parasitic on Bursera fagaroides. Rosa Amarillo, Jalisco, Mexico. Photo by Mihai Costea.
    • Open flower, face view. Parasitic on Bursera fagaroides. Rosa Amarillo, Jalisco, Mexico. Photo by Mihai Costea. As stated by Kuijt (2009): "Psittacanthus palmeri, arguably the most remarkable species in the genus, exhibits several unique morphological features." Vegetatively, its stems resemble those of its host (Bursera) and occur as long and short shoots. It may flower in the leafless state (not the case on these photos); a seasonally deciduous nature remains to be confirmed.
14. Psittacanthus peronopetalus
    • Flowering branch. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
    • Inflorescence. Projeto Flora da Reserva Ducke DFID/INPAR, Brazil. Used with permission from Mike Hopkins.
15. Psittacanthus pinicola
    • Habit.  Belize.  Photo by R. Mathiasen.
    • Flowers. Belize.  Photo by R. Mathiasen.
    • Fruits. Belize.  Photo by R. Mathiasen.
    • Close-up of flowers. Belize. G. Davidse (no. 37011). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
16. Psittacanthus ramiflorus
    • Flowering shoots. Parasitic on Quercus. Sinaloa, Mexico. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Close-up of flowers. As P. kramerii, Costa Rica, San Jose Prov., Dist. Dota, Savaegre Hotel. Photo by Mauricio Bonaficino, June 18, 2004.
17. Psittacanthus robustus
    • Tree with parasite, Venezuela. Photo by A. Gentry (no. 14522). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
    • Same, close-up of inflorescences. Photo by A. Gentry (no. 14522). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
    • Photos. Fazenda Rio do Negro, Bahia, Brazil. Photos by Alex Popovkin. Link goes to Flickr.
    • Photos. Habit of mistletoe and flower buds. Goiás, Brazil. Photos by Pettojoe. Link goes to Flickr.
18. Psittacanthus schiedeanus
    • Habit of plant. Irazú, Costa Rica. Feb. 1966. Photo by Job Kuijt.
    • Flowers. Volcan Barva, Costa Rica. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Seedling showing the numerous cotyledons. Volcan Barva, Costa Rica. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
    • Your PPC author holding Psittacanthus schiedeanus which is parasitic on Drimys winteri. Volcan Barva, Costa Rica. Photo by S. -C. Hsiao.
19. Psittacanthus sonorae
    • Photo. Flowers. Isla Danzante, Baja, Mexico. Photo by Ken Lewis. Link goes to Flickr.
      
20. Psittacanthus ternatus (sp. nov. Kuijt)
    • Flowering shoots. Perú. Note the cluster of three large leaves at the stem terminus. This species is similar to Aetanthus triphyllus that has leaves arranged in this manner. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 15731. Photo by Robin Foster.
21. Psittacanthus truncatus
    • Flowering shoot. Ecuador. Photo by D. Wiens, March 1965.
    • Flowers, Colombia. Photo by A. Gentry (no. 24445). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
    • Flowers, Ecuador. Photo by A. Gentry (no. 30886). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
22. Psittacanthus zonatus
    • Flowering shoots with large leaves. Ecuador. Photo by Dennis Stevenson January 1988.
23. Psittacanthus sp.
    • Mistletoe forming a large infection on a tree in Veracruz, Mexico. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
24. Psittacanthus sp.
    • View of forest with numerous trees infected with Psittacanthus. Costa Rica, San Jose Prov., Dist. Dota, San Geraldo, on road to Savaegre Hotel. Photo by Mauricio Bonaficino, June 20, 2004.

Scurrula

1. Scurrula cordifolia
   • Flowering branch. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
2. Scurrula elata
   • Habit of mistletoe parasitic on Rhododendron arboreum. Nepal. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Sections through mistletoe haustoria and host branches. Nepal. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
3. Scurrula ferruginea
   
   • Flowering shoot and close-up of flowers. Mt Mantalingahan, western side, Rizal municipality, Palawan prov., Luzon Island, Philippines. ca. 8 50.48 N, 117 39.62 E. Photo by Leonard Co.
4. Scurrula parasitica
   • Flowering shoots. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Flowering shoots. Sarawak, Malaysia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Flowering shoots.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)
   • Flowering shoot. Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma. 
   • Young fruits. Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma.
5. Scurrula pulverulenta
   • Flowers and young fruits. Central Nepal, 2000 m elevation. Photo by Mohan Devkota May 1998.
   • Ripe fruits. Central Nepal. Photo by Mohan Devkota.
   • Branch with young fruits. Cultivated in the Botanical Garden Basel, Switzerland. Photo by H. Schneider. For more, see the Botanical Image Database.
   • Same as above, showing leaf pubescence. Photo by H. Schneider. For more, see the Botanical Image Database.
6. Scurrula yadoriki (a synonym?).
   • Close-up of flowers. Motobu-chyou, Okinawa, Japan. Photograph by Ikehara Naoki, published in "World of Plants" article by Mitsuru Hirota (Weekly Asahihyakka, Jan. 22, 1995).

Septulina - for more photos, see Polhill & Wiens (1998) p. 223-224.

1. Septulina glauca
   • Plant in fruit, parasitic on Lycium. Voëlfontein Farm, South Africa. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.

Socratina

1. Socratina keraudreniana
   • Flowering plant.  Along the road between Inanavy and Tongobory southwest of Toliara/Tulear, Madagascar.  Photo by Sonny Larsson, February 2006.
   • Black and white photo from S. Balle (1964) Les Loranthacées de Madagascar et des archipels voisins. Adansonia (nov. ser. Tome IV, Fascicule 1) 4:105-141. Showing clear elongated vents in the middle of the flowers.

Sogerianthe

1. Sogerianthe sessiliflora
   • Haustorial connnection. Morobe District, Finschhafen Subdistrict, Papua New Guinea. Hills above Nanduo Village, ca. 0.1 km SW of the village. 3200 ft (975 m) elev. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Close-up of flower buds. Same location as above. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
2. Sogerianthe sogerensis
   • Habit of plant. Angapena, E of Aseki, Papua New Guinea. 5460 ft (1664 m). Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Flowers. Same location as above. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Flowers, showing lighter colored phase. Morobe District, Maric trail, near Wagau Village, Papua New Guinea. 3713 ft (1131 m) elev. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.

Spragueanella

1. Spragueanella rhamnifolia
   • A mistletoe of eastern Africa, as seen on the cover of Polhill and Wiens "Mistletoes of Africa". Photo of plant by Don Kirkup.

Struthanthus

1. Struthanthus cansjeraefolius
   • Habit of plant with inflorescences. Formerly called S. marginatus (a taxon restricted to Brazil). La Savegre, region of La Dota, Costa Rica. Photo by Kevin Nixon, from PlantSystematics.org
   • Close-up of petiole and lateral branches. La Savegre, region of La Dota, Costa Rica. Photo by Kevin Nixon, from PlantSystematics.org
   • Close-up of flowers. La Savegre, region of La Dota, Costa Rica. Photo by Kevin Nixon, from PlantSystematics.org
   • Aerial roots and young inflorescence. La Savegre, region of La Dota, Costa Rica. Photo by Kevin Nixon, from PlantSystematics.org
2. Struthanthus cassythoides
   • Habit. Belize. Photo at New York Botanical Garden.
3. Struthanthus interruptus
   • Flowering shoots. Flowers are tiny but delicately arranged on the compound, racemose inflorescence. Parasitic on Ligustrum. UNAM campus, Mexico City. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
4. Struthanthus orbicularis
   • Vegetative parts showing twining petioles. Costa Rica. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Plant with inflorescences and fruits. Perú.  From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo ID 16793 (as Phthirusa sp., possibly Struthanthus orbicularis). Photo by Robin Foster.
5. Struthanthus woodsonii
   • A series of digital photos showing various parts of the plant (leaves, inflorescences, haustorial connections, etc.) Link goes to La Flora Digital de La Selva.
6. Struthanthus sp. 1
   • Seedlings growing on Trigona villosa, with cotyledons still partially enveloped by the fruit wall. Saül, French Guiana. Photo by Carol Gracie.
7. Struthanthus sp. 2
   • Imature inflorescence and Leaves and inflorescences. Los Amigos Conservation Area, Rio Los Amigos, Madre de Dios, Peru. J.P. Janovec et al. No. 2492 & 2721. Photo by John Janovec.
8. Struthanthus sp. 3
   • Plant with inflorescences and close-up. Perú. From the Neotropical Live Plant Photos site. Photo IDs 17677, 17679 (as Phthirusa). Photo by Robin Foster.

Tapinanthus - for more photos, see Polhill & Wiens (1998) p. 183-206

1. Tapinanthus bangwensis
   • Habit of mistletoe in host tree. Ghana. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Inflorescences. Ghana. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Flowering shoots, close-up of flowers, and fruits. Plant parasitizing Gardenia sp.  Bolgatanga Rd. near Diare, about 20 km from Tamale, Ghana.Open woodland close the white Volta river. From Virtual Field Herbarium, Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford. Photo P. Ekpe/NSBP.
2. Tapinanthus buchneri
   
   • Mistletoe. Gabon, Nyanga. Voucher (and photo?) by Walters, Stone, Nzabi & Boumbou (No. 643). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO
3. Tapinanthus forbesii
   • Flower buds unopened. Plant parasitizing Acacia. Namutoni, Namibia. Photo 2 March 2003 by L. J. Musselman.
   • Flowers open. Plant parasitizing Acacia. Namutoni, Namibia. Photo 2 March 2003 by L. J. Musselman.
4. Tapinanthus globiferus
   • Flowers in bud stage, flowers, fully open.  Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Habit of plant in flower. Near Woldiya, Ethiopia. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
5. Tapinanthus oleifolius
   • Flowers. Windhoek, Namibia. Photo 24 Dec. 2002 by Lytton J. Musselman.
   • Flowers. Katombora Islands, Zimbabwe. From Flora of Zimbabwe. Photo by Bart Wursten.
6. Tapinanthus ziziphifolius
   • Photo. Kakamega forest, Kenya. Photo by Serge Aubert. Link goes to Flickr.
7. Tapinanthus sp.
   • Flowers. Bot. Gard. Witwatersrand, S. Africa. Photo by L. J. Musselman, Sept. 1999.
     

Taxillus

1. Taxillus chinensis
   • Flowering shoots. Parasitic on Sambucus (Caprifoliaceae). Sabah, Malaysia. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Flowering and fruiting shoots. Mt Silanganan, Bataan National Park, Morong municipality, Bataan prov., Luzon Island, Philippines. 17.7000 N, 120.3666 E. Photo by Ulysses F. Ferreras
   • Flowers. Barangay Mangga, Penablanca municipality, Cagayan prov., Luzon Island, Philippines. This is within the newly formed Peñablanca Protected Landscape and Seascape.  17 37.983 N, 121 51.747 E. Photo by Leonard Co.
   • Flower.  Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma. 
   • Fruits.  Hong Kong. Photo by Shek-Shing Ma.
2. Taxillus cuneatus
   • Flowering branches. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
3. Taxillus delavayi.
   • Habit and flower close-up. China, Yunnan, Jian Chuan. Photo by G. Yatskievych (Turland no. 952). Links go to TROPICOS database at MO.
4. Taxillus incanus
   • Close-up of flower. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
5. Taxillus kaempferi
   
   • Shoot with flower buds and fruit. Parasitic on Pinus wallichiana, Bhutan. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Haustorial connection on sectioned host trunk, Pinus wallichiana, Bhutan. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
6. Taxillus limprichtii
   • Photos. Many good photos of this mistletoe at various developmental stages. Taiwan. Photo by Mingiweng. Link goes to Flickr.
7. Taxillus lonicerifolius
   • Photos. Many good photos of this mistletoe at various developmental stages. Taiwan. Photo by Mingiweng. Link goes to Flickr.
8. Taxillus liquidambaricolus
   • Photos. Many good photos of this mistletoe at various developmental stages. Taiwan. Photo by Mingiweng. Link goes to Flickr.
9. Taxillus sclerophyllus
   • Flowering branches. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Close-up of flowers. Sri Lanka. Photo by Garhard Glatzel.
10. Taxillus sutchuenensis
    • Series of photos. Hainan, China by Jin-Wen Chi. Link goes to PlantPhotoBank.cn.
11. Taxillus tomentosus
    • Close-up of extremely tomentose flowers! Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
    • Branch with young fruits. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
12. Taxillus tsaii
    • Photo. Taiwan. Photo by Mutolisp (Psilotum Lin). Link goes to Flickr.
    • Photos. Many good photos of this mistletoe at various developmental stages. Taiwan. Photo by Mingiweng. Link goes to Flickr.
    • Branch with young fruits. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.

Thaumasianthes - no photos of living plant. Extinct?

1. Thaumasianthes amplifolia
   
   • Type specimen. Photo by Leonard Co.
   • Isotype, US 1072. Photo by Leonard Co.
   • Isotype with flowers (US10), and close-up of flowers. Photos by Leonard Co.

Tolypanthus

1. Tolypanthus gardneri
   • Inflorescence. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Close-up of flower. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
   • Young fruits forming within bracts. Sri Lanka. Photo by Gerhard Glatzel.
2. Tolypanthus lagenifer
   
   • Inflorescence showing cup-like, connate bracts below the flowers. Ghats, India. Photograph by S. R. Yadav, published in "World of Plants" article by Mitsuru Hirota (Weekly Asahihyakka, Jan. 22, 1995).
3. Tolypanthus pustulatus
   
   • Inflorescence showing the large involucral bracts and candy-cane striped flowers.  Phu Wua Wildlife Sanctuary, Nongkhai, northeastern Thailand.  Photo by R. Pooma.

Trilepidea [extinct] - no photos of living plant

1. Trilepidea adamsii
   • Painting by Hetley (1888). This species was endemic to New Zealand but is now extinct. See excellent paper on this topic by David Norton (Conservation Biology, 1991, 5:52-57). Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • Another painting of the plant. From the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network.
   • Drawing of the plant (as Elytranthe adamsii).

Tripodanthus

1. Tripodanthus acutifolius
   • Inflorescence with flower buds. Ollataytambo, Dept. Urubamba, Peru. Photo by R. Vidal-Russell.
   • Inflorescence showing dichasium. Ollataytambo, Dept. Urubamba, Peru. Photo by R. Vidal-Russell.
   • Young fruits. Ollataytambo, Dept. Urubamba, Peru. Photo by R. Vidal-Russell.
   • Flowering shoot. Bolivia, La Paz, Murillo. Photo by James C. Solomon (5882). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
2. Tripodanthus belmirensis
   
   • Flowering shoot.  Antioquia: Belmira, Finca El Páramo, Colombia (the type locality). Photo by Francisco J. Roldán.
   • Shoot showing inflorescence. Information as above.
   • Closer view of inflorescence. Information as above.
   • Flowers and buds removed showing triads. Information as above.
3. Tripodanthus flagellaris
   
   • Habit.  Plant parasitic on Acacia. Cordoba, Argentina. Photo January 2009 by Malcolm Dunn.
   • Flowering plant showing long, flexuous, clambering shoots. Information as above.
   • Inflorescence. Information as above.
   • Photos 1, 2 and 3 showing close-up of flowers. Information as above.

Tristerix

1. Tristerix aphyllus
   • Click HERE to go to a page showing many photos depicting its life history.
2. Tristerix chodatianus
   • Habit of mistletoe on host (Polylepis sp.). Huascaran National Park, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by R. Vidal-Russell.
   • Closer view of mistletoe. Huascaran National Park, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by R. Vidal-Russell.
   • Close-up view of the inflorescence. Huascaran National Park, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
3. Tristerix corymbosus
   • Flowering shoots. Puyehue, Chile. 28 April 1979. Photo by Job Kuijt.
   • Mistletoe parasitic on Colletia spinosissima (Rhamnaceae), hills in coastal range northwest of Santiago, Chile. Photo by John W. Reynolds.
   • Plant with ripe green fruit, from Llao Llao forest, Bariloche, Argentina. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Plant with Guillermo Amico. Osorno, Chile. Photo by Romina Vidal Russell.
   • Plant parasitizing a liana (Cissus striata) with Romina Vidal Russell. Osorno, Chile. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Interconnected seeds as they appear following dispersal by Dromiciops australis. Llao Llao forest, Bariloche, Argentina. Photo by Romina Vidal Russell.
   • Flowering shoots covered with snow!. Llao Llao forest, Bariloche, Argentina. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Flowers with snow and ice. Llao Llao forest, Bariloche, Argentina. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Flowers being pollinated by hummingbird. Bariloche, Argentina. Photographer unknown.
   • A loranth look-alike! The flowers of this member of Proteaceae, Embothrium coccineum, are pollinated by the same hummingbirds as Tristerix corymbosus. No wonder the plants are often confused by humans! Photo by G. Glatzel.
   • Population showing yellow and red-flowered plants and close-up of yellow form.  Isla Victoria, Bariloche, Río Negro Argentina.  Photo by Martín Nuñez.
   • Seed being defecated by Dromiciops australis (Chilean opossum, monito del monte) onto Maytenus boaria. Llao Llao forest, Bariloche, Argentina. Photo by Romina Vidal Russel.
   • Plant showing mature green fruits that are dispersed by the marsupial Dromiciops australis. Osorno, Chile. February 2003. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Plant showing mature yellow fruits that are dispersed by the birds. Fray Jorge National Forest. January 2003. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Seedlings of a possible T. corymbosus X T. aphyllus hybrid.  For most most members of the genus, the cotyledons are fused at their tips inside the seed but their petioles are free outside the seed. This is true for most of the seedlings shown, except for the one in the middle where the petioles are fused, as is seen in T. aphyllus.  Is this demonstrating segregation for this trait? Photo by Wilfredo Gonzáles Lozada.
     
4. Tristerix longebracteatus
   • Habit of the mistletoe. Between Chacas and San Luis, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Closer view of inflorescence with floral buds. Between Chacas and San Luis, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Close-up of fruits showing the characteristic and persistent long bracts. Between Chacas and San Luis, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Habit of mistletoe in host tree (Buddleja sp.).  At the edge of a pasture on the East side of Paso Yanashallash on a trek between Olleros and Chavin, Peru. Photo taken July 25, 2004 by Lada Malek.
   • Flowers.  Same location and photographer as above.
   • Closer view of flowers. Same location and photographer as above.
   • Habit, Peru. Photo by A. Gentry (no. 37357). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
   • Inflorescence, Peru. Photo by A. Gentry (no. 37357). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
   • Inflorescence, Colombia. Photo by A. Gentry (no. 30476). Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
5. Tristerix penduliflorus
   • Habit of mistletoe on Schinus. Maras, Dept. Cuzco, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Inflorescence. Maras, Dept. Cuzco, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Closer view of flowers. Maras, Dept. Cuzco, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Flowers removed from inflorescence, arranged in age series. Maras, Dept. Cuzco, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Fruits. Maras, Dept. Cuzco, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Diglossa sp. pollinating the flowers. Note the presence of yellow pollen on the bird's cheek. Maras, Dept. Cuzco, Peru. Photo by R. Vidal-Russell.
   • Lesbia nuna, a hummingbird that serves as a pollinator of T. penduliflorus. Photo by R. Vidal-Russell.
   • Plant with red-purplish flowers and fruits (compare with next photo). Note the pendulous flowers, unique within the genus Tristerix. 5 km W of Maras, Peru (3400 m above sea level). Photo Aug. 12, 2002 by Marco Bleeker. See his EcoCam web site for photos of other Andean South American plants.
   • A red flowered form of this species. Bolivia, La Paz, Murillo. Voucher (5144) and photo by James C. Solomon. Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
6. Tristerix peruvianus
   
   • Close-up of flower buds showing fenestrations.  Monte Zárate, above San Bartolomé.  Photo by Job Kuijt, May 18, 1979.
7. Tristerix pubescens
   • Habit of plant in full flower. Lake Orconcocha, Huscaran National Park, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Plant with flowers and fruits. Huscaran National Park, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Inflorescence. Lake Orconcocha, Huscaran National Park, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Flowers removed from inflorescence, arranged in age series. Lake Orconcocha, Huscaran National Park, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Fruits. Lake Orconcocha, Huscaran National Park, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Diglossa brunneiventris, a pollinator of this Tristerix species. Lake Orconcocha, Huscaran National Park, Dept. Ancash, Peru. Photo by R. Vidal-Russell.
8. Tristerix verticillatus
   • Flowering shoots. These large red flowers are visited by two species of hummingbirds (Sephanoides sephaniodes and Patagona gigas). Yerba Loca National Park, Chile. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Close-up of flowers. In Antuco Chile. February 2003. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Close-up of flowers showing the color change of the staminal filaments from yellow to orange. Near Angol, Chile. February 2003. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Flowers with nectar robbing ants.  Yerba Loca National Park, Chile. Photo by A. Troncoso.
   • Flower buds with ants tending aphids.  Yerba Loca National Park, Chile. Photo by A. Troncoso.
   • Photo 1 and photo 2 (close-up) of a moth egg mass (cf. Ormiscodes, Saturniidae, Lepidoptera). Yerba Loca National Park, Chile. Photo by A. Troncoso.
   • Eggs of Mathania leucothea (Lepidoptera) on a young Tristerix shoot.  Yerba Loca National Park, Chile. Photo by Nancy Cabezas.
   • Fruiting shoots on host (Schinus mantanus - Anacardiaceae). Yerba Loca National Park, Chile. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Close-up of fruits and host (Colletia spinosissima - Rhamnaceae). Yerba Loca National Park, Chile. Photo by G. Amico.
   • Fruits (close-up) with ruler for scale.  Yerba Loca National Park, Chile. Photo by Renzo Vargas.
   • Seedlings.  The cotyledons are fused at their tips inside the seed but their petioles are free outside the seed. Note seedling no. 17 that has three instead of two cotyledons.  Photo by Wilfredo Gonzáles Lozada.
   • Viviparous seed (germinating while still within fruit attached to mother plant).  Yerba Loca National Park, Chile. Photo by A. Troncoso.
   • Seeds (placed on leaf of mistletoe) with radical emerging from viscin covered seed coat.  Yerba Loca National Park, Chile. Photo by A. Troncoso.
   • Seedlings with extremely elongated cotyledonary petioles.  Yerba Loca National Park, Chile. Photo by Renzo Vargas.

Trithecanthera (including Kingella)

1. Trithecanthera sparsa
   • Photo. Yellow flowered form with Spiderhunter bird (Arachnothera). Photo by Nagamasu from the "Floral Evolution" page of "Exploring the World of Mistletoes", Australian National Botanic Gardens.
   • Type specimen - isotype 2321297 Voucher: CHAI 34045. Link goes to TROPICOS database at MO.
2. Trithecanthera xiphostachys
   • Herbarium specimen of plant from Borneo. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
   • As above, close-up of flower buds. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.

Tupeia

1. Tupeia antarctica
   • Flowering shoot. New Zealand. Photograph by Brian Molloy.
   • First plate of four images from the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. A. habit of the mistletoe with male flowers (Peter de Lange); B. fruiting plant (Gillian Crowcroft); C. close-up view of shoots showing flowers and fruits, Taupo (John Smith-Dodsworth); D. shoot with fruits (Chris Ekroyd).
   • Second plate of four images from the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. A. a heavily infected host tree in Peel Forest (Peter de Lange); B. habit of the mistletoe, Taupo (John Smith-Dodsworth); C. mistletoe in flower (Cathy Jones); D. closer view of flowering shoots (Cathy Jones).
   • Fruiting plant. New Zealand. Photo by D. Wiens, Feb. 1973.

Vanwykia  - for more photos, see Polhill & Wiens (1998) p. 221-222.

1. Vanwykia remota
   • Habit of mistletoe, flowering shoot, close-up of flowers. Zimbabwe, Ruti Dam, Buhera. Photos by D. C. H. Plowes. From Flora of Zimbabwe web site.
   • Herbarium sheet from MO. Photo by D. Nickrent.
   • Same as above, close-up of flowers showing dense trichomes. Photo by D. Nickrent.
   • Color painting by Marguerite Scott, from "Flowering Plants of Africa" (1994, Vol. 53, O. A. Leistner editor, National Botanical Institute).

Woodroses from loranths

1. Woodroses. The haustoria of Loranthaceae often produce characteristic attachments to their host branches. Clockwise from top left: Dendrophthoe curvata [DLN 2787], Amyema villiflorum [DLN 2799], Dendrophthoe curvata [DLN S.N.], and Erianthemum sp. These woodroses are often made into art objects, such as this carving of a lizard from SE Asia.

Loranthaceae of New Guinea

These pages have been assembled from available literature and photographs for loranths of that region.  

Phylogeny

A detailed molecular phylogeny of genera within the family has been published in American Journal of Botany (Vidal-Russell and Nickrent 2008) and can be viewed HERE.

A study that examined the timing of evolution of aerial parasites (including Loranthaceae) was published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (Vidal-Russell and Nickrent 2008) and can be viewed HERE.

The position of the family within Santalales has been discussed by Nickrent, D. L., and V. Malécot (2001), a web version of which can be viewed HERE.  

References