Hemiparasitic Orobanchaceae

Agalinis

  1. Agalinis auriculata. Formerly known as Tomanthera auriculata. Cultivated in the Pennsylvania State University greenhouse on Bouteloua gracilis. Photo by J. McNeil
  2. Agalinis purpurea. Habit of plant. Roadside ditch outside of Norfolk, VA. Photo by J. McNeil.
  3. Agalinis purpurea. Flower. The genus used to be known as Gerardia. Eastern USA. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  4. Agalinis tenuifolia. Cultivated in the Pennsylvania State University greenhouse. Photo by J. McNeil.

Alectra

  1. Alectra avensis. Habit of plant forming fruits. Mt. Pinatubo. Central Luzon Region, Zambales Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. 15.333 N, 120.3500 E. Photo by Leonard Co.
  2. Alectra capensis.  Habit of the plant and closer view of flower.  South Africa.  Photo by J. Archibald.
  3. Alectra dolichocalyx. Flowering shoot and closer view of flower in hand.  Zambia. Lusaka Province.  Photo by J. Morawetz.
  4. Alectra fruticosa. Habit, roots, flower lateral view and flower face view.  Madagascar. Antsiranana Province. Andapa Commune. Parc National de Marojejy. Along trail from camp 2 to camp 3.  Photo by J. Morawetz.
  5. Alectra humbertii.  Habit, flowers lateral view, flower face view, fruits. Madagascar. Tana Province. Ankazobe District. Manankazo Commune. Photo by J. Morawetz.
  6. Alectra orobanchoides.  Habit, inflorescence, flowers. South Africa. Mpumalanga Province. Barberton. Photo by J. Morawetz.
  7. Alectra rigida.  Habit of flowering plant. Zambia, NorthWest Province, Mwinilunga District, on the road to Ikelenge. Photo by J. Morawetz.
  8. Alectra sessiliflora.  Habit of plant in hand, closer view of flowering shoot.  Madagascar. Tana Province. Ankazobe District. Manankazo Commune.  Photo by J. Morawetz.
  9. Alectra sessiliflora.  Face view of flower.  Western Cape. George District. Outeniqua Nature Reserve.Photo by J. Morawetz.
  10. Alectra sessiliflora. Habit of flowering plant. South Africa. Eastern Cape. Umtamvuna Nature Reserve. Photo by J. Morawetz.
  11.  Alectra vogellii. Plants parasitizing cowpeas. Africa. Photo by L. J. Musselman
  12.  Alectra vogellii. Plants attached to excavated cowpeas. Africa. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  13.  Alectra vogellii. Flowering plants. Africa. Photo by L. J. Musselman.

Ancistrostylis - no photos

Asepalum - no photos

Aureolaria

  1. Aureolaria flava. Another genus formerly known as Gerardia. Eastern USA. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  2. Aureolaria laevigata. Habit of plant and close-up of flower. Along roadside in Rothrock State Forest, Centre Co., PA; probably growing on Quercus alba. Photos by J. McNeil.

Bellardia

  1. Bellardia trixago.  The Mediterranean lineseed.  This native of the Mediterranean region has been introduced into the United States in California and Texas.  Photo by Marco Bleeker.

Bartsia

  1. Bartsia melampyroides. Cotapaxi National Park, Ecuador. Photo by M. Egger.

Brandisia - no photos

Buchnera

  1. Buchnera sp. This picure was taken in Durango, Mexico, but the genus also occurs in the Eastern USA, Caribbean, etc. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
  2. Buchnera americana. No voucher. Link goes to the TROPICOS image library at MO.
  3. Buchnera weberbaueri. Santa Elena de Uiaren, Estado Bolivar, Venezuela. Photo December 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  4. Buchnera species. Flowering shoot. Zambia. Mpulungu District. Northern Province. On road to Mporokoso from Mbala. Photo by J. Morawetz.

Bungea

  1. Bungea trifida. Flowers. Near Cadiron, eastern Turkey. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  2. Bungea trifida. Flowers. Near Cadiron, eastern Turkey. Photo by L. J. Musselman.

Buttonia

  1. Buttonia hildebrandtii.  Flower.  Photo by R. A. Howard (see Plant Image Collection, Smithsonian Inst.)

Castilleja

  1. Castilleja affinis var. affinis. Putah Creek Canyon, California. Photo by Walter B. Welch.
  2. Castilleja arctica. Painting. Redbook Sevin.  Russian website of biodiversity.
  3. Castilleja coccinea. Habit of the "Indian Paintbrush." Gavin Bog and Grant Forest. Photograph by K. Robertson.
  4. Castilleja coccinea. Habit of the plant and closer up. Cultivated on Bouteloua gracilis in the Pennsylvania State University greenhouse. Photo by J. McNeil.
  5. Castilleja coccinea. Inflorescence showing colorful bracts. Photograph by K. Robertson.
  6. Castilleja coccinea. Variation in floral bracts (red and yellow). Photograph by K. Robertson.
  7. Castilleja coccinea. Close-up of flowers. Gavin Bog and Grant Forest, Lake Co., Illinois, USA. Photograph by K. Robertson.
  8. Castilleja integra. South side of road, Mather Point, Grand Canyon. Photo by V. Baird.
  9. Castilleja irasuensis. Habit of plant. Costa Rica, San Jose Prov., Canton Perez Zeledón, Dist. Dota, Pueble San Gerardo, at top of Cerro de la Muerta. Photo by Mauricio Bonaficino June 20, 2004.
  10. Castilleja irasuensis. Closer view of plant. Costa Rica, San Jose Prov., Canton Perez Zeledón, Dist. Dota, Pueble San Gerardo, at top of Cerro de la Muerta. Photo by Josh Der June 20, 2004.
  11. Castilleja irasuensis. Close-up of inflorescence. Costa Rica, San Jose Prov., Canton Perez Zeledón, Dist. Dota, Pueble San Gerardo, at top of Cerro de la Muerta. Photo by Josh Der June 20, 2004.
  12. Castilleja irasuensis. Close-up of flower. Costa Rica, San Jose Prov., Canton Perez Zeledón, Dist. Dota, Pueble San Gerardo, at top of Cerro de la Muerta. Photo by Mauricio Bonaficino June 20, 2004.
  13. Castilleja lemmonii. Dusy Basin, John Muir Wilderness, California. Photo by D. Nickrent
  14. Castilleja linariifolia. Buckhorn Mt., Larimer Co., CO. Photo by D. Nickrent.
  15. Castilleja linariifolia. North of Pecos, Sangre de Christo Mts., San Miguel Co, NM. Photo by D. Nickrent.
  16. Castilleja litoralis Pennell (= C. affinis ssp. litoralis (Pennell) Chuang & Heckard). Oregon coast, N of Sea Lion Caves. Photo by V. Baird.
  17. Castilleja miniata. Glacier National Park, Montana. Photo by D. Nickrent.
  18. Castilleja nervata. Durango Mexico. Photo by D. Nickrent.
  19. Castilleja raupii. Churchhill, Manitoba, Canada. Photo by J. Voigt.
  20. Castilleja sesiliflora. Seed. Photograph by K. Robertson.

Centranthera

  1. Centranthera chevalieri. Photo taken 28 August 1994 Chiba prefecture Sanbu Gun. From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan. 
  2. Centranthera cochinchinensis. Australia. Photographer: Wrigley, J. Link goes to Australian National Botanic Garden, Photo No.: nt.180.
  3. Centranthera cochinchinensis. Flowering shoot, closer view of flowers. Barangay Mangga, Penablanca municipality, Cagayan prov., Luzon Island, Philippines. This is within the newly established Peñablanca Protected Landscape and Seascape. 17 37.983’ N, 121 51.747’E. First photo by Leonard Co, second by Ulysses F. Ferreras.
  4. Centranthera tranquebarica. Growing in a wet, cattle-grazed meadow at Khao Na Kha calcerous hill, SW Trang, Prov. Trang, Peninsular Thailand, 32m alt. Photo October 2005 by A. S. Fleischmann.

Clevelandia - no photos

Cordylanthus

  1. Cordylanthus wrightii. Habit of plant. El Morro National Monument, New Mexico. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
  2. Cordylanthus wrightii. Flower detail with basaltic rock background. El Morro National Monument, New Mexico. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
  3. Cordylanthus wrightii (left) and Castilleja integra. El Morro National Monument, New Mexico. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
  4. Cordylanthus. Photographs of some of the 36 species in California. Link goes to the CalFlora Database.
  5. Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. setigerus. Inflorescences. San Bernardino Co., California. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
  6. Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. setigerus. Close-up of immature flowers. San Bernardino Co., California. Photo by D. L. Nickrent

Cycnium

  1. Cycnium adonense. Africa (no voucher). Link goes to TROPICOS image library, MO BOT.
  2. Cycnium adonense subsp. montanum. Flowering shoots. Tom Hulley rd, Vumba, Zimbabwe.  From the Flora of Zimbabwe.  Photo by Bart Wursten.
  3. Cycnium filicalyx.  Habit of plant.  North of Kawimbe, Luapula Province, Zambia. Photo Sept. 2006 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  4. Cycnium filicalyx.  Closer view of the flowers.  As above. Photo by A. S.  Fleischmann.
  5. Cycnium tubulosum. Flowering shoots. Borrowdale Common, Harare, Zimbabwe. From the Flora of Zimbabwe. Photo by Bart Wursten.
  6. Cycnium tubulosum. Closer view of flowers. As above. Photo by Bart Wursten.
  7. Cycnium tubulosum.  Face view of flower. Zambia. Serenje District. Central Province. Kasanka National Park. Photo by J. Morawetz.
  8. Cycnium sp. Flowering plants. Juba river region, Somalia. Photograph by L. J. Musselman.
  9. Cycnium sp. Close-up of flowers. Same as above.

Cymbaria

  1. Cymbaria dahurica. Plant in flower.  Ononsky District, Onon-Borzia Village, steppe, Siberia. Photo by Oleg Korsun.
  2. Cymbaria dahurica. Plant in flower.  Shanxi Province. Wildflower Romantic Website (China).

Dasistoma

  1. Dasistoma macrophylla. Illustration by D. L. Nickrent of plant in fruit, fruits (capsules), and seeds. Illustration of flowers from Pennell (1935). Plant from southern Ohio.
  2. Dasistoma macrophylla. Haustoria. A US nickel is 2.0 cm in diameter. Photo by L. J. Musselman.

Escobedia

  1. Escobedia grandiflora. Photos of the plant in flower (face view), flower in lateral view, and roots. Chiapas, Mexico in the vicinity of San Cristobal de las Casas. Photos August 2008 by Christopher Randle.
  2. Escobedia grandiflora. Plant in flower. Ecuador, Pichincha. Al Gentry (No. 9498). Link goes to the TROPICOS image library at MO.
  3. Escobedia grandiflora. Venezuela, Barinas. Photo and voucher (54709) by Thomas B. Croat. Link goes to TROPICOS image library, MO BOT.
  4. Escobedia laevis.  Face view of the flower.  Chiapas, Mexico in the vicinity of San Cristobal de las Casas. Photos August 2008 by Christopher Randle.

Esterhazya

  1. Esterhazya sp. (pink flower). At 1800 m elevation in Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro State, Brasil. Photo by Mauro Peixoto. See www.brazilplants.com
  2. Esterhazya sp. 2000 m elevation in Caparaó National Park, Alto Caparaó, Minas Gerais State, Brasil. Photo by Mauro Peixoto.

Euphrasia

  1. Euphrasia borneensis. Close-up of flowers. Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, Sabah, Malaysis. Photo by G. Glatzel.
  2. Euphrasia colina ssp. diversifolia. Flowers. No voucher information. Link goes to the TROPICOS image library at MO.
  3. Euphrasia colina ssp. diversifolia. Habit of plants. No voucher information. Link goes to the TROPICOS image library at MO.
  4. Euphrasia hatijoensis. Photo taken 27 July 2000, Nitto Kyoto Hachijo Jima. From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan.
  5. Euphrasia insignis var. idzuensis. Habit of plant and closeup of flowers.  Photos taken 10 October 1994, Nitiziyou Oka prefecture Izu peninsula. From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan. 
  6. Euphrasia kiso-alpina. Habit of plant and closeup of flowers. Photos taken 2 August 2003, Nagano prefecture Kiso scenic peak. From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan. 
  7. Euphrasia microphylla. Habit of plant and closeup of flower. Photos taken 5 August 2005, Ehime prefecture east Akaishi mountain. From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan. 
  8. Euphrasia minima. Robust and highly branched plant with yellow flowers. Obergurgl, Tyrol, Austria. Photo July 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  9. Euphrasia minima. Group of yellow flowered plants. Obergurgl, Tyrol, Austria. Photo July 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  10. Euphrasia minima. The white flowered form of this species, growing side by side with plants showing the more common yellow corollas. Obergurgl, Tyrol, Austria. Photo July 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  11. Euphrasia officinalis ssp. rostkoviana. Obergurgl, Tyrol, Austria. Photo July 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  12. Euphrasia officinalis ssp. rostkoviana. Close-up of flower. This specimen shows a lilac colored upper corolla lip. Note the dense covering of glandular hairs, typical for this plant. Location near Garmisch, Bavaria, Germany. Photo July 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  13. Euphrasia officinalis ssp. rostkoviana. Note the increase in size of the fully developed flowers! Measurements of these fully developed flowers are necessary for correct identification. Obergurgl, Tyrol, Austria. Photo July 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  14. Euphrasia pectinata. Habit of plant.  Chitinsky District, Aleksandrovka Village, valley of the Ingoda River, Siberia. Photo by Oleg Korsun.
  15. Euphrasia pectinata. Closer view of flowers.  Chitinsky District, Aleksandrovka Village, valley of the Ingoda River, Siberia. Photo by Oleg Korsun.
  16. Euphrasia salisburgiensis. Growing on the tip of Kenzenkopf (1724 m alt.), Ammergebirge-Mountains, Bavaria, Germany. Photo August 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  17. Euphrasia stricta. Note the red kemps at the leaf tips. Munich, Bavaria, Germany. Photo July 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.

Gerardiina

  1. Gerardiina angolensis.  Flowers, face view.  Plants growing in a wet meadow 30 km north of Mansa, Luapula Province, northern Zambia, alt. 1280 m. Possible hosts were Xyris spp., various Cyperaceae (mainly of genus Rhynchospora) and Eriocaulaceae. Photograph Sept. 2006 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  2. Gerardiina angolensis. Flowers lateral view.  Same location as above. All observed flowers showed heavy damage from nectar robbing bees.  Photograph by A. S. Fleischmann.

Ghikaea - no photos

Graderia

  1. Graderia fruticosa. Flowering shoots. Socotra. Photo by Tony Miller.
  2. Graderia fruticosa. Close-up of the flowers. Socotra. Photo by Tony Miller.

Hedbergia - no photos

Lamourouxia

  1. Lamarouxia multifida. Flowering shoot and young fruits. Chiapas, Mexico in the vicinity of San Cristobal de las Casas. Photos August 2008 by Christopher Randle.
  2. Lamourouxia virgata.  Habit of plant. Cotocachi, Ecuador. Washington College and the University of San Francisco at Quito. ENV 399 - Summer Experience in Ecuador.
  3. Lamourouxia virgata.  Close-up of flower. From Flora of Ilalo, Ecuador.  Photo by Morley Read.
  4. Lamourouxia xalapensis. Northeast of Puerto de Gallo, Sierra Madre de Sur, Guerrero, Mexico. Norton-Brown Herbarium. University of Maryland, BSCI 124: Plant Biology webpage.

Leptorhabdos

  1. Leptorhabdos parviflora. Line drawing. Link goes to TROPICOS image library, MO BOT.

Leucosalpa - no photos

Lindenbergia (not parasitic but sister to Orobanchaceae!)

  1. Lindenbergia philippensis. Inflorescence, leaves, plant in flower. Callao Caves, Peñablanca municipality, Cagayan prov., Luzon Island, Philippines. 17.7000 N, 121.8000 E. Photo by Leonard Co.

Macranthera

  1. Macranthera flamea. Leaves. Eastern USA. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  2. Macranthera flamea. Flower. Eastern USA. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  3. Macranthera flamea. Young infructescence. Eastern USA. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  4. Macranthera flamea. Young fruit. Eastern USA. Photo by L. J. Musselman.

Magdalenaea - no photos

Melampyrum

  1. Melampyrum arvense. Inflorescence. Kaiserstuhl, Germany. Photo June 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  2. Melampyrum cristatum. Inflorescence. Note the comb-shaped bracts and the decussate arrangement of the flowers. Landsberg, Bavaria, Germany. Photo June 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  3. Melampyrum cristatum. Flower detail. Same photographer and location as above.
  4. Melampyrum laxum.  Meeting of Miyakonojo valley plant lovers, color photo album and flora.
  5. Melampyrum laxum var. laxum.  Photo 30 August 1997; Hidaka intellectual prefectural Kurotaki mountain. From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan. 
  6. Melampyrum lineare. Flowering plant. Lake of the Woods, Ontario, Canada. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
  7. Melampyrum lineare.  Flowering plant.  Deep Creek Lake State Park and Natural Resources Management Area, Maryland.  Photo 5 June 2006 by A. Fleischmann.
  8. Melampyrum lineare. Flowering plant. Growing on Vaccinium stamineum and possibly Pinus strobus, State Game lands 176, Centre County, PA. Photo by J. McNeil.
  9. Melampyrum nemorosum. Habit of the plant. Munich botanical garden, Munich, Bavaria, Germany. Photo July 2005 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  10. Melampyrum nemorosum Flower details. Note the lilac colored bracts and the bright yellow flowers, which may become red when older. Location and photographer same as above.
  11. Melampyrum nemorosum Close-up of the flowers. Location and photographer same as above.
  12. Melampyrum pratense. Flowers and young fruits. Near Marburg, Germany. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.
  13. Melampyrum pratense. Flowering plant, growing in an open boggy habitat among reeds, Ericaceae and Sphagnum moss. Bernau, Bavaria, Germany. Photo taken 3rd of July 2005 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  14. Melampyrum pratense. Close-up of the flower. Location sam as above. A. S. Fleischmann.
  15. Melampyrum roseum.  Beijing Yenking loose mountain nature protection area. Wildflower Romantic Website (China).
  16. Melampyrum roseum var. japonicum. Habit of plant and closeup of flowers.  First photo taken 1 August 1994, Yamanasi prefecture Daibosatsu pass; second photo taken 23 September1987, Kyoto prefecture large Eyama rise. From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan. 
  17. Melampyrum sylvaticum. Flowering plants. Europe. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  18. Melampyrum sylvaticum. Flowering shoot. Ötscher, Lower Austria. Photo by G. Glatzel, July 2005.

Melasma

  1. Melasma scabrum. Habit of plant. Mt Kubusie, Eastern Cape, South Africa. 1February 2008. Photo by Cameron McMaster.
  2. Melasma scabrum. Flower. Satan's Nek, Transkei, South Africa.  9 January 2008. 9 January 2008. Photo by Cameron McMaster.

Micrargeria

  1. Micrargeria filliformis. Flowering stems. Benin. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  2. Micrargeria filliformis. Flower, face view. Benin. Photo by L. J. Musselman.

Micrargeriella - no photos

Monochasma

  1. Monochasma sheareri. Line drawing. Link goes to TROPICOS image library, MO BOT.
  2. Monochasma sheareri. Flowering plant. Called "Kuchinashigusa" in Japan. Photo by Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo HERE.

Nesogenes

  1. Nesogenes euphrasioides.  Atolls of French Polynesia. Photo by A. Intes.
  2. Nesogenes rotensis.  The only known population of N. rotensis is found along the rocky coast of Pona Point on Rota. Threats to this plant are recreational activities that take place in and around its habitat. This species is a candidate for listing as federal endangered. Plants in Peril webpage.  Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands.  Division of Fish and Wildlife (CNMI).

Notobartsia

  1. Notobartsia alpina. [Formerly Bartsia]. Flowering shoot. Li: Utsjoki Ailigas, Finland. Photo by Markku Savela HERE.

Nothochilus - no photos

Odontites

  1. Odontites luteus. Habit of plant. Photo taken August 2004 near Pietra Ligure, Liguria, Italy by A. S. Fleischmann.
  2. Odontites luteus. Closer view of inflorescence. Photo taken August 2004 near Pietra Ligure, Liguria, Italy by A. S. Fleischmann.
  3. Odontites vulgaris. Flower stems. Photo taken July 2004 near Munich, Bavaria, Germany by A. S. Fleischmann.
  4. Odontites vulgaris. Close-up of flowers. Photo taken July 2004 near Munich, Bavaria, Germany by A. S. Fleischmann.
  5. Odontites vulgaris. Flowering shoots. In the vicinity of the town Chita, valley of a creek, meadow, Siberia. Photo by Oleg Korsun.
  6. Odontites vulgaris. Line drawing. Link goes to TROPICOS image library, MO BOT.

Omphalotrix

  1. Omphalotrix longipes. Line drawing. Link goes to TROPICOS image library, MO BOT.

Ophiocephalus - no photos

Orthocarpus

  1. Orthocarpus attenuatus. Flowering shoots. Link goes to University of Hawaii Vascular Plant Families.
  2. Orthocarpus luteus. Flowering plants. Red River in Taos Co., NM.. Photo by M. Egger.

Parastriga - no photos

Parentucellia

  1. Parentucellia latifolia. Plant in flower. Bord de route Le Pyla, Arcachon (Gironde), France. Link goes to that website.
  2. Parentucellia latifolia. Flowers. Kozhaya. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  3. Parentucellia viscosa. Plant in flower. Discovery Park, Seattle, King Co., WA (introduced from Europe). Photo by Markku Savela HERE.
  4. Parentucellia viscosa. Plant in flower. Northern Ireland. Photo by Paul Hackney. Link goes to Flora of Northern Ireland.
  5. Parentucelia viscosa. Habit of plant, from Lagos, Portugal. Photo by Chris Parker, April 1996.
  6. Parentucelia viscosa. Closer view of flowers, from Lagos, Portugal. Photo by Chris Parker, April 1996.
  7. Parentucellia viscosa. Inflorescence. Aamiq. Photo by L. J. Musselman
  8. Parentucellia viscosa. Close-up of flowers. Aamiq. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  9. Parentucella viscosa. Meeting of Miyakonojo valley plant lovers, color photo album and flora.

Pedicularis

  1. Photographs of 40 species of Pedicularis. Link goes to University of Hawaii Vascular Plant Families.
  2. Pedicularis canadensis. Flowering stem. Photograph by K. Robertson.
  3. Pedicularis canadensis. Infructescence. The seeds are dispersed as rain drops hit the tips of the capsule. Photograph by K. Robertson.
  4. Pedicularis chamissonis var. japonica. Photo taken 7 August 1996, Nagano prefecture Hakuba peak. From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan. 
  5. Pedicularis chamissonis var. japonica forma rostrata.  Photo taken 16 August 1979, Yamanasi prefecture north peak. From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan. 
  6. Pedicularis chamissonis var. rebunensis. Habit and closeup of flowers. Photo taken 17 July 1983, Hokkaido Rebun island. From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan.
  7. Pedicularis chinesis.   Wildflower Romantic Website (China).
  8. Pedicularis cf. evrardii. Parasitic on Carex sp. and various grasses in an alpine meadow on granitic cliffs, Doi Huansuya, Doi Inthanon National Park, Prov. Chiang Mai, northern Thailand, 1670 m. alt. Photo October 2005 by A . S. Fleischmann.
  9. Pedicularis cf. evrardii. This Pedicularis has large flowers, up to 4 cm in length. Location same as above. Photo October 2005 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  10. Pedicularis foliosa. Habit of the plant. One view and another showing the pollinator (Bombus lucorum). Photos taken June 14, 2005, "Mittagberg" near Immenstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Photo by Hanno Schaefer.
  11. Pedicularis foliosa. Growing on calcerous soil in the Benediktenwand-Montains, at about 1800 m alt. Brauneck, Bavaria, Germany. Photograph June 2005 by A. S. Fleischmann
  12. Pedicularis groenlandica. Habit of plant. Along US 40 near Muddy Pass Colorado, USA. Photo by Wm. Vance Baird.
  13. Pedicularis groenlandica. Close-up of inflorescence. Along US 40 near Muddy Pass Colorado, USA. Photo by Wm. Vance Baird.
  14. Pedicularis keiskei.  Photo taken 16 August 1979, Yamanasi prefecture north peak. From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan.
  15. Pedicularis oederi war. heteroglossa. From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan.
  16. Pedicularis kerneri. Population of plants parasitic on various reeds and grasses in a silicate substrate, ca. 2250 meters elevation,Obergurgl, Tyrol, Austria. Photo July 2004 by Sebastian Gardt.
  17. Pedicularis kerneri. Close-up of the flowers. Obergurgl, Tyrol, Austria. Photo July 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  18. Pedicularis palustris. Habit of the plant. Mundraching, Bavaria. Photo June 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  19. Pedicularis palustris. Inflorescence. Mundraching, Bavaria. Photo June 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  20. Pedicularis palustris. Close-up of the flowers. Mundraching, Bavaria. Photo June 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  21. Pedicularis recutita. View of the inflorescence. Hochschwab, Austria. Photo by G. Glatzel.
  22. Pedicularis recutita. Close-up of the flowers. Hochschwab, Austria. Photo by G. Glatzel.
  23. Pedicularis resupinata. Beijing Yenking loose mountain nature protection area. Wildflower Romantic Website (China).
  24. Pedicularis resupinata. Photo taken 29 August 1999, Prefecture Ibukiyama Shiga.  From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan. 
  25. Pedicularis resupinata var. microphylla. Habit and flower closeup.  Photos taken 13 September 2003,  Gifu prefecture Rise. From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan.
  26. Pedicularis rostratocapitata. Plants growing in calcerous soil, ca. 1750 m alt., near Geiselstein, Ammergebirge-Mountains, Bavaria, Germany. Photo August 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  27. Pedicularis rostratocapitata, flower details. Plants growing in calcerous soil, ca. 1750 m alt., near Geiselstein, Ammergebirge-Mountains, Bavaria, Germany. Photo August 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  28. Pedicularis spicata. Beijing Yenking loose mountain nature protection area. Wildflower Romantic Website (China).
  29. Pedicularis thailandica. One view and another of plant growing in peat swamp forest on Doi Inthanon, Prov. Chiang Mai, northern Thailand, at 2400 m alt. Photo September 2005 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  30. Pedicularis schistostegia. Habit of plant and closeup of flowers.  Photos taken 14 June 1986, Hokkaido Rebun island rise. From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan.
  31. Pedicularis striata. Beijing Yenking loose mountain nature protection area.  Wildflower Romantic Website (China).
  32. Pedicularis tuberosa. Flowering stems. Plants growing on various reeds and Calluna vulgaris (Ericaceae ) in a silicate substrate, ca. 2300 m. Obergurgl, Tyrol, Austria. Photo July 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  33. Pedicularis tuberosa. Close-up of the flowers. Obergurgl, Tyrol, Austria. Photo July 2004 by Sebastian Gardt.
  34. Pedicularis verticillata. Photo taken 6 August 1983, Nagano prefecture Hakuba peak.  From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan.
  35. Pedicularis yezoensis. Photo taken 6 August 1983, Nagano prefecture Hakuba peak. From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan.

Petitmenginia - no photos

Phtheirospermum

  1. Phtheirospermum japonicum. Line drawing. Link goes to TROPICOS image library, MO BOT.
  2. Phtheirospermum japonicum. Plant in flower. Yamanaka Ike pond, Hiroshima University, Japan. Photograph by Nomura Masato (voucher Makino no. 2271) HERE.
  3. Phtheirospermum japonicum. Habit of plant and closeup of flower. First photo taken 6 October 1996, Prefecture west Tanzawa Kanagawa. Second photo taken 15 October 1989 Rise Hyogo prefecture Rokko mountain.  From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan. 
  4. Phtheirospermum japonicum. Meeting of Miyakonojo valley plant lovers, color photo album and flora.
  5. Phtheirospermum japonicum.  Plant in flower. Wildflower Romantic Website (China).
  6. Phtheirospermum tenuisectum. Line drawing. Link goes to TROPICOS image library, MO BOT.

Physocalyx

  1. Physocalyx aurantiacus.  Painting from Plantarum Brasiliae icones et descriptiones hactenus ineditae.  Obtained from Missouri Botanical Garden website HERE.

Pseudobartsia

  1. Pseudobartsia yunnanensis. Line drawing. Link goes to TROPICOS image library, MO BOT.

Pseudomelasma - no photos

Pseudostriga - no photos

Pterygiella

  1. Pterygiella bartschioides. Line drawing. Link goes to TROPICOS image library, MO BOT.
  2. Pterygiella nigrescens.   Habit of plant.  Yunnan Province, Anning Xian:  N of the city of Anning on S side of Bijia Shan. Photo by D. E. Boufford. From Biodiversity of theHengduan Mountains Region, China website.
  3. Pterygiella nigrescens.   Close-up of flowers.  Same locality. Photo by D. E. Boufford.

Radamaea

  1. Radamaea sp. nov.  With Adansonia fony, Madagascar. Photo by Eberhard Fischer.

Rhamphicarpa

  1. Rhamphicarpa fistulosa. In rice field. Guinea. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  2. Rhamphicarpa fistulosa. Close-up of flower. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  3. Rhamphicarpa herzfeldiana. Momella, Tanzania. Photo 25 Dec. 1976 by Albert Perdeck.
  4. Rhamphicarpa montana. Amboseli, Kenya. Photo 23 Dec. 1976 by Albert Perdeck.

Rhaphispermum - no photos

Rhinanthus

  1. Rhinanthus alectorolophus. Rich stand of the parasite. Landsberg, Bavaria, Germany. Photo June 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  2. Rhinanthus alectorolophus. Close-up of flowers. Note the dense cover of hairs on the calyx (source of the specific name). Landsberg, Bavaria, Germany. Photo June 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  3. Rhinanthus freynii.  a field of parasites!, inflorescence. Near Bovec, Slovenia. Photos May 2006 by G. Glatzel.
  4. Rhinanthus glacialis (syn. R.. aristatus). Plant growing near the orchid Gymnadenia conopsea. Landsberg, Bavaria, Germany. Photo June 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  5. Rhinanthus glacialis. Close-up of the flower. This deep red plant is rich in anthocyans, typical of plants growing in poor soils. Landsberg, Bavaria, Germany. Photo June 2004 by A. S. Fleischmann.
  6. Rhinanthus glacialis. Inflorescence and close-up of flowers. Ötscher, Lower Austria. Photo by G. Glatzel, July 2005.
  7. Rhinanthus minor. Flowers. Selbourne, England. Photo by D. L. Nickrent.

Rhynchocorys

  1. Rhynchocorys orientalis. Flowering plant. From University of Wisconsin BotIT web site.

Schwalbea

  1. Schwalbea americana. Flower buds on the inflorescence. A rare plant in the eastern USA. Photo by L. J. Musselmann.

Seymeria

  1. Seymeria pectinata (left) and S. cassioides (right). These species are parasitic on pines of the southeastern U.S. Photographs by L. J. Musselman.

Sieversandreas

  1. Sieversandreas madagascarianus. Painting of this genus which was described and named in 1996 in honor of Dr. Andreas Sievers (Botanisches Institut, University of  Bonn) by Eberhard Fischer. See the web page by R. Malcolm Brown on Adreas Sievers HERE.

Silviella - no photos

Siphonostegia (incl. Lesquereuxia)

  1. Siphonostegia chinensis. Line drawing. Link goes to TROPICOS image library, MO BOT.
  2. Siphonostegia chinensis.  Wildflower Romantic Website (China).
  3. Siphonostegia chinensis. Praising Flowers website.  Japan. 
  4. Siphonostegia laeta. Line drawing. Link goes to TROPICOS image library, MO BOT.
  5. Siphonostegia laeta. Flowering plant. Japan. From this web site HERE.
  6. Siphonostegia laeta. Photo taken 19 August 2003 prefecture new Ziyouiti Aichi.  From "Praising Flowers" website, Japan. 

Sopubia (incl. Pseudosopubia)

  1. Sopubia cana. Flowering plant. Transvaal. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  2. Sopubia lasiocarpa. Line drawing. Link goes to TROPICOS image library, MO BOT.
  3. Sopubia mannii. Flowering plant.  Skan Ringing Rock Bot. Res., Wattle Co. Mtarazi Est., Zimbabwe. From the Flora of Zimbabwe. Photo by Bart Wursten.
  4. Sopubia parviflora. Flower, face view. Guinea. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  5. Sopubia parviflora. Flower, side view. Guinea. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  6. Sopubia ramosa. Flowers. Zambia. Serenje District. Central Province. Kasanka National Park. Photo by J. Morawetz.
  7. Sopubia trifida. Line drawing. Link goes to TROPICOS image library, MO BOT.
  8. Sopubia species. Habit and closer view of the plant.  Pink flowered.  Anjavololona, Bihenjy Commune, Ambatolampy District, Tana Province, Madagascar. Photo by J. Morawetz.
  9. Sopubia species. Flowers. Anjavololona, Bihenjy Commune, Ambatolampy District, Tana Province, Madagascar. Photo by J. Morawetz.

Spirostegia - no photos

Striga - see Striga Gallery HERE

Tetraspidium - no photos

Thunbergianthus - no photos

Tozzia

  1. Tozzia alpina. Flowering shoot. Europe. Photo by L. J. Musselman.
  2. Tozzia alpina.  Habit of plant and close-up of the flowers.  From a web site "Impronte Digitali: Trekking nel Parco Nazionale delle Foreste Casentinesi."

Triphysaria

  1. T. erianthus. Flowering shoots. California. Photo by John Yoder.
  2. T. versicolor. Large field full of the parasite! Napa, California. Photo by John Yoder.
  3. T. versicolor. Flowering shoots. California. Photo by John Yoder.
  4. T. versicolor. SEM of root showing early stage of development of the haustorial hairs. Photo by Huguette Albrecht and John Yoder.
  5. T. versicolor. SEM of parasite root (top) forming first attachment to host root (bottom) using the haustorial hairs. Photo by Huguette Albrecht and John Yoder.
  6. T. versicolor. Cleared tissue of parasite haustorium (top) and host root showing the xylem bridge. Photo by John Yoder.
  7. T. versicolor. Parasites on potted maize plants. California. Photo by John Yoder.
  8. Flowers of Triphysaria F1 hybrid (middle) between T. pusilla (left) and T. versicolor (right). California. Photo by John Yoder.

Vellosiella - no photos

Xizangia - no photos

  1. X. serrata.  Line drawing.  From Chinese web page HERE.

Xylocalyx

  1. Xylocalyx aculeolatus. Flowering shoots. Socotra. Photo by Tony Miller (Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh).
  2. Xylocalyx asper. Close-up of a pink flower. Socotra. Photo by Tony Miller.

SIUC / College of Science / Parasitic Plant Connection / Scrophulariaceae
URL: http://www.parasiticplants.siu.edu/Scrophulariaceae/Hemipar.html
Last updated: 07-Oct-07 / dln